Figure 5.

Schematic diagram of bridging deferoxamine (DFO) on the surface of 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold and its biological function for bone regeneration in bone defect model. (a) Up panel: Diagram showing the preparation process of PCL-DFO scaffolds including surface aminolysis and layer-by-layer assembly with oppositely charged carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS). Lower panel: Four scaffolds were used in animal study including the pure PCL, their intermediate product PCL-NH2, and the final product PCL-DFO. (b) The chemical molecular structure of DFO (left) and CCS (right). (c) Schematic diagram showing the effect of PCL-DFO scaffold on angiogenesis and osteogenesis at the bone defect site. (d) The cellular mechanism of promoting bone regeneration by DFO in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and in vascular endothelia cells (ECs). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [14]. Copyright 2019 Elsevier.