Table 2.
Percentages of ECG changes in West African athletes.
| Study | Total Athlete Participants | West African Athletes |
|---|---|---|
| TWI | ||
| Schimeid, 2009 | 155 | 20% |
| Pambo, 2020 | 75 | 32% |
| Pambo, 2019 | 159 | 40% |
| Riding, 2019 * | 1698 | 6.4% |
| Anterior TWI | ||
| Schimeid, 2009 | 155 | 4.3% |
| Pambo, 2020 | 75 | 10.7% |
| Pambo, 2019 | 159 | 18.7% |
| Riding, 2019 * | 1698 | 7.8% |
| Inferior TWI | ||
| Schimeid, 2009 | 155 | 0.5% |
| Pambo, 2020 | 75 | 8% |
| Pambo, 2019 | 159 | 8.8% |
| Riding, 2019 * | 1698 | 3.6% |
| LVH | ||
| Ilodibia, 2021 | 77 | 40.3% |
| ST elevation | ||
| Pambo, 2020 | 75 | 45.3% |
| Pambo, 2019 | 159 | 47% |
| Ilodibia, 2021 | 77 | 29.9% |
| ER | ||
| Ilodibia, 2021 | 77 | 51.9% |
| Dome-shaped ST-Segment elevation with TWI | ||
| Ilodibia, 2021 | 77 | 27.3% |
| Percentage abnormal | ||
| Sokunbi, 2021 | 180 | 15% |
| Schmied, 2009 | 155 | 25.8% |
| Schmied, 2013 | 210 | 12.4% |
| Pambo, 2020 | 75 | 8% |
| Pambo, 2019 | 159 | 23.3% |
Abbreviations: TWI, T-wave inversion; LVH, left-ventricular hypertrophy; ER, early repolarization. * Riding 2019 compared to Caucasian athletes and found a significant difference between West African and Caucasian athletes in all areas within the table.