Table 3.
Proportions of ECG changes in African athletes compared to others.
| Study | Total Athlete Participants | African Athletes | Caucasian Athletes | Arab Athletes | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI | |||||
| Riding, 2014 | 1175 | 13% | 1% | 2% | S |
| McClean, 2019 diagnostic accuracy | 1304 | 7% | 2.1% | 0.001 | |
| Di Paolo, 2012 | 216 | 14% | 3% | 0.05 | |
| Anterior TWI | |||||
| McClean, 2019 prevalence | 732 | 23.2% | 10.3% | 0.0001 | |
| McClean, 2019 diagnostic accuracy | 1304 | 2.6% | 1% | 0.05 | |
| Lateral TWI | |||||
| McClean, 2019 prevalence | 732 | 3.5% | 1% | 0.02 | |
| McClean, 2019 diagnostic accuracy | 1304 | 3.3% | 1.4% | 0.05 | |
| LVH | |||||
| Di Paolo, 2012 | 216 | 89% | 42% | 0.001 | |
| ST Elevation | |||||
| Di Paolo, 2012 | 216 | 91% | 56% | 0.001 | |
| Percentage abnormal | |||||
| McClean, 2019 prevalence | 732 | 15% | 4.3% | 0.001 | |
| McClean, 2019 diagnostic accuracy | 1304 | 10.5% | 6.1% | 0.01 | |
| Riding, 2014 | 1175 | 20% | 6.9% | 8.4% | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: TWI, T-wave inversion; LVH, left-ventricular hypertrophy; S, significant.