Table 5.

Descriptive statistics and differences between recidivist and non-recidivist participants.

	N = 60		d	t	p
	Recidivists (N = 27)	Non-recidivists (N = 32)
	M (SD)	M (SD)
Dysfunctional personality patterns
Schizoid	7.88 (4.50)	8.09 (4.14)	−0.04	−0.18	.856
Avoidant	5.92 (5.09)	7.37 (4.41)	−0.30	−1.17	.224
Depressive	9.32 (7.20)	8.20 (5.84)	0.17	0.66	.509
Dependent	7.36 (5.36)	7.14 (4.87)	0.04	0.16	.871
Histrionic	15.68 (4.21)	14.77 (4.05)	0.22	0.84	.403
Narcissistic	14.92 (3.97)	14.89 (3.81)	0.00	0.03	.973
Antisocial	11.92 (4.59)	8.49 (4.90)	0.70	2.74	.008
Sadistic	9.88 (4.82)	8.31 (4.36)	0.34	1.31	.195
Compulsive	17.28 (3.87)	18.86 (3.98)	−0.40	−1.52	.132
Negativistic	10.52 (6.07)	9.14 (5.38)	0.24	0.92	.358
Masochistic	5.00 (5.03)	4.91 (4.61)	0.01	0.06	.946
Schizotypal	6.72 (6.58)	7.20 (4.48)	−0.08	−0.30	.760
Borderline	8.92 (6.60)	7.51 (5.43)	0.23	0.91	.367
Paranoid	8.80 (6.42)	10.06 (5.44)	−0.21	−0.81	.417

	N = 60
	Recidivists (N = 25)	Non-recidivists (N = 35)
	M ( SD )	M(SD)
Dark Triad
Machiavellianism	2.94 (0.72)	3.03 (0.76)	−0.12	−0.49	.626
Narcissism	2.40 (0.52)	2.58 (0.54)	−0.33	−1.33	.188
Psychopathy	2.38 (0.46)	2.18 (0.57)	0.38	1.39	.167

	N = 61
	Recidivists	Non-recidivists
	(N = 25)	(N = 36)
	M (SD)	M (SD)	d	t	p
Moral disengagement
Moral justification	8.92 (3.08)	7.75 (3.24)	0.37	1.41	.163
Euphemistic language	6.52 (2.29)	5.88 (2.38)	0.27	1.03	.306
Advantageous comparison	9.28 (3.97)	7.22 (3.24)	0.56	2.22	.030
Displacement of responsibility	9.36 (3.16)	8.44 (3.93)	0.25	0.96	.338
Diffusion of responsibility	12.36 (2.94)	12.00 (2.96)	0.12	0.46	.642
Distortion of consequences	8.36 (3.06)	7.33 (2.98)	0.34	1.30	.197
Attribution of blame	9.48 (2.94)	8.30 (3.14)	0.38	1.39	.168
Dehumanisation	8.64 (3.32)	8.11 (4.01)	0.14	0.54	.590
Total MMDS	72.92 (15.76)	65.05 (17.32)	0.47	1.80	.76

Note: MMDS = Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale.