Table 2.

Common techniques.

Technique
Technique	Description	Child*	Caregiver(s)*
Psychoeducation	Providing information about the occurrence and frequency of traumatic events; normalizing stress reactions, feelings, and thoughts; explaining the therapeutic rationale and providing information about symptoms, diagnosis, and how treatment will address these; explaining the therapy procedures and the structure of the sessions	X (5)	X (5)
Relaxation	Acquiring skills for coping with the tension in everyday life that arises from the trauma-related stress reactions	X (4)
Recording the critical experiences	Tracing back the critical experiences; ascertaining what happened, when it happened, and what symptoms, feelings, and thoughts are linked to it	X (4)
Traumatic recollection	Starting to recall the traumatic memories; detecting arousal by activating the traumatic memory	X (5)
Exposure	Repeated exposure to the traumatic memories (imaginal exposure, x = 3) and/or repeated exposure to feared and avoided situations associated with the traumatic memories (in vivo exposure, x = 2)	X (3)
Homework	Practising at home with learned skills from the session(s)	X (3)	X (2)
Cognitive shifting	Discussing cognitions; attempting to influence or modify dysfunctional cognitions	X (4)
Sharing the trauma story with others	Showing the young person’s finished product about the trauma story to people in the support system and communicating with them about the trauma	X (3)	X (3)
Future perspectives	Identifying the acquired skills and knowledge that can strengthen the resilience and future security of the young person and reduce the likelihood of recurrence	X (3)	X (1)
Termination	Evaluating the course of treatment in terms of the PTSD symptom scale and the learning effects; discussing how to deal with a recurrence of symptoms; marking the end of the therapy and the new start in the therapist’s absence	X (5)	X (4)

Note: *(#) = number of protocols or manuals in which the technique appeared.