Table 3.

Common mechanisms.

Element
Mechanism	Description	Child*	Caregiver(s)*
Consolidation	Repetition of various domains, exercises, and skills during the therapy, to reinforce trauma processing	X (5)	X (2)
Trauma processing	Reframing; reorganization and sequence of fear-reducing changes that take place through exposure to the traumatic memory (inhibitory learning, x = 3; desensitization, x = 1)	X (4)
Therapeutic relationship	Mutual attitudes, feelings, and trust between therapist and young person, parent, or system, and the ways in which these find expression during the treatment	X (5)	X (4)
Motivation	Sufficient drive in the young person to sustain the confrontation with the traumatic memory and its triggers	X (5)
Affect modulation	Learning to recognize, label, and manage overwhelming and other negative emotions	X (5)
Reciprocal integration	Altered feelings with respect to the critical experiences induce changes in cognitions, and vice versa	X (5)
Sharing	Fostering support from the network; enhancing ties with significant others; fostering attachment relationships	X (3)	X (3)

Note: *(#) = number of protocols or manuals in which the mechanism appeared.