Table 3.

Comparison of the present method for sensing of Hg²⁺ with reported methods.

Optical probe	Linear range (μM)	LOD (M)	Ref.
Quinoline-based derivative/I−	0–7	3.12 × 10−9	[17]
Green-emission carbon dots	0–50	8.9 × 10−7	[18]
Rhodamine-containing CP	10–50	1.07 × 10−8	[27]
Triphenylamine-based CP/I−	0–7	1.1 × 10−7	[42]
Triazole and Cz-containing CP/I−	0–10	1.23 × 10−7	[43]
Blue-emission carbon dots	0–40	9.0 × 10−7	[54]
Triphenylamine-bodipy derivative	0–7.5	2.24 × 10−7	[59]
Naphthalimide derivative	0.25–10	4.0 × 10−8	[60]
Coumarin derivative	1–6	2.2 × 10−7	[61]
Dendritic Carbazole-Based CP/I−	0.005–14.75	9.7 × 10−8	This work