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. 2022 Jun 13;54(1):1678–1685. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2056241

Table 2.

Descriptive results of the postural stability assessment, gait analysis, and grounding scores of study participants (n = 36).

Variables Mean ± SD Median Minimum–maximum
Balance outcome measures: anterior-posterior
 F-EO (cm) 2.67 ± 1.26 2.00 1.00–6.00
 F-EC (cm) 2.42 ± 0.87 2.00 1.00–6.00
 C-EO (cm) 3.61 ± 1.69 3.00 0.00–8.00
 C-EC (cm) 4.36 ± 1.76 4.00 2.00–9.00
Medio-lateral
 F-EO (cm) 2.42 ± 2.76 1 0–12
 F-EC (cm) 1.72 ± 1.28 1 1–7
 C-EO (cm) 3.53 ± 3.76 3 0–19
 C-EC (cm) 2.72 ± 2.01 2 0–10
Gait outcome measures*
 Stride length (cm) 118.54 ± 12.37 122.37 90.16–134.02
 Cadence (steps/min) 99.18 ± 7.95 99.89 78.78–120.89
 Velocity (cm/s) 102.14 ± 14.17 105.27 71.75–128.16
 Swing time (s) 0.50 ± 0.03 0.49 0.43–0.59
 Stance time (s) 0.70 ± 0.06 0.70 0.56–0.85
 Stride time (s) 1.21 ± 0.09 1.20 0.99–1.41
Grounding quality-GAT scores
 Total GAT score 3.80 ± 0.86 3.92 1.77–5.00
 Fluid and rhythmic movement score 3.51 ± 1.11 3.60 1.00–5.00
 Emotional expression in movement score 4.28 ± 0.93 4.33 1.00–5.00
 Pattern of foot placement subcategory score 3.39 ± 1.64 4.00 1.00–5.00
 Lack of stability and weightiness score 4.09 ± 0.96 4.33 1.00–5.00

GAT: grounding assessment tool; F-EO: firm surface with eyes open; F-EC: firm surface with eyes closed; C-EO: compliant foam with eyes open; C-EC: compliant foam with eyes closed; SD: standard deviation.

*All the gait outcome measures were collected from 30 participants.