Table 2.
Descriptive results of the postural stability assessment, gait analysis, and grounding scores of study participants (n = 36).
| Variables | Mean ± SD | Median | Minimum–maximum |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balance outcome measures: anterior-posterior | |||
| F-EO (cm) | 2.67 ± 1.26 | 2.00 | 1.00–6.00 |
| F-EC (cm) | 2.42 ± 0.87 | 2.00 | 1.00–6.00 |
| C-EO (cm) | 3.61 ± 1.69 | 3.00 | 0.00–8.00 |
| C-EC (cm) | 4.36 ± 1.76 | 4.00 | 2.00–9.00 |
| Medio-lateral | |||
| F-EO (cm) | 2.42 ± 2.76 | 1 | 0–12 |
| F-EC (cm) | 1.72 ± 1.28 | 1 | 1–7 |
| C-EO (cm) | 3.53 ± 3.76 | 3 | 0–19 |
| C-EC (cm) | 2.72 ± 2.01 | 2 | 0–10 |
| Gait outcome measures* | |||
| Stride length (cm) | 118.54 ± 12.37 | 122.37 | 90.16–134.02 |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 99.18 ± 7.95 | 99.89 | 78.78–120.89 |
| Velocity (cm/s) | 102.14 ± 14.17 | 105.27 | 71.75–128.16 |
| Swing time (s) | 0.50 ± 0.03 | 0.49 | 0.43–0.59 |
| Stance time (s) | 0.70 ± 0.06 | 0.70 | 0.56–0.85 |
| Stride time (s) | 1.21 ± 0.09 | 1.20 | 0.99–1.41 |
| Grounding quality-GAT scores | |||
| Total GAT score | 3.80 ± 0.86 | 3.92 | 1.77–5.00 |
| Fluid and rhythmic movement score | 3.51 ± 1.11 | 3.60 | 1.00–5.00 |
| Emotional expression in movement score | 4.28 ± 0.93 | 4.33 | 1.00–5.00 |
| Pattern of foot placement subcategory score | 3.39 ± 1.64 | 4.00 | 1.00–5.00 |
| Lack of stability and weightiness score | 4.09 ± 0.96 | 4.33 | 1.00–5.00 |
GAT: grounding assessment tool; F-EO: firm surface with eyes open; F-EC: firm surface with eyes closed; C-EO: compliant foam with eyes open; C-EC: compliant foam with eyes closed; SD: standard deviation.
*All the gait outcome measures were collected from 30 participants.