Table 3.
Intercorrelations (Pearson’s r) among stress variables.
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Non-Specific Psychological Distress (K10) | – | ||||||||||
| 2. Depression (DASS-21) | .68*** (152) |
– | |||||||||
| 3. Anxiety (DASS-21) | .61*** (152) |
.55*** (152) |
– | ||||||||
| 4. Stress (DASS-21) | .72*** (152) |
.66*** (152) |
.57*** (152) |
– | |||||||
| 5. Burnout Exhaustion (MBI-GS) | .60*** (124) |
.48*** (124) |
.33*** (124) |
.59*** (124) |
– | ||||||
| 6. Burnout Cynicism (MBI-GS) | .45*** (125) |
.39*** (125) |
.33*** (125) |
.35*** (125) |
.49*** (124) |
– | |||||
| 7. Burnout Professional Efficacy (MBI-GS)♣ | −.29** (125) |
−.19* (125) |
−.21*♦ (125) |
−.23* (125) |
−.22* (124) |
−.47*** (125) |
– | ||||
| 8. Intrusion (STSS) | .51*** (123) |
.32*** (123) |
.37*** (123) |
.45*** (123) |
.42*** (122) |
.34*** (123) |
−.23** (123) |
– | |||
| 9. Avoidance (STSS) | .55*** (124) |
.49*** (124) |
.38*** (124) |
.51*** (124) |
.50*** (123) |
.46*** (124) |
−.40*** (124) |
.72*** (122) |
– | ||
| 10. Arousal (STSS) | .58*** (125) |
.53*** (125) |
.49*** (125) |
.63*** (125) |
.54*** (124) |
.43*** (125) |
−.33*** (125) |
.69*** (123) |
.79*** (124) |
– | |
| 11. Total STS (STSS) | .60*** (122) |
.50*** (122) |
.46*** (122) |
.59*** (122) |
.54*** (121) |
.45*** (122) |
−.36*** (122) |
.87*** (122) |
.94*** (122) |
.91*** (122) |
– |
| 12. Alcohol Use and Dependence (AUDIT) | −.06 (121) |
.001 (121) |
.06 (121) |
−.07 (121) |
−.16♠ (120) |
−.01 (121) |
−.06 (121) |
−.19*♦ (119) |
−.09 (120) |
−.05 (121) |
−.11 (118) |
Note. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001; ♦p ≥ .05 in non-parametric analysis; ♠p < .05 in non-parametric analysis; ♣Burnout Professional Efficacy is interpreted in the reverse direction to the other stress measures, in that higher scores are associated with lower burnout, hence the negative correlations with other stress measures reported here are expected. The number of cases in each correlation is in parentheses. AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; DASS-21 = Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales – Short Form; K10 = Kessler 10 Scale; MBI-GS = Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey; STSS = Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale.