Table 5.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of tetracycline-class drugs [8–13,47].

Antibiotic	Maintenance dose	Dosing frequency	Food effect (Cmax decrease)	Protein binding	Half-life	Metabolism	Excretion
Tetracycline	Oral: 250/500 mg	Oral: BID to QID	50%	55–64%	6–11 h	Yes	Fecal: 20–60% Renal: 30%
Doxycycline	IV: 100 mg Oral: 100 mg	Oral: QD or BID IV: BID	20%		12–25 h	Yes	Renal: 40%
Minocycline	IV: 100 mg Oral: 50/75/100 mg	Oral: BID	–	76%	11–24 h	Yes	Fecal: 20–35% Renal: 5–12%
Omadacycline	IV: 100 mg Oral: 300 mg	Oral: QD IV: QD	40–59%	20%	16 h	Yes	Fecal (oral): 81% Renal (IV/oral): 27%/14%
Tigecycline	IV: 50 mg	IV: BID	NA	71–89%	42 h	None	Biliary/Fecal: 59% Renal: 33%
Eravacycline	IV: 1 mg/kg	IV: BID	NA	79–90%	20 h	CYP3A4- and FMO-mediated oxidation	Biliary/Fecal: 47% Renal: 34%

BID: twice daily; IV: intravenous; NA: not applicable; QD: daily; QID: four times daily.