Table 1.

Characteristics of samples included in the meta-analysis.

	Sample					Study		Geopolitics			Measures
	N	Sampletype	Meanage	Female%	White%	Design	Status	Country	Regime type	Democracy index	Suicide Behaviors
Acharya et al. (2020)	14	clinical	NR	4.16	NR	longitudinal	article	India	flawed democracy	6.90	attempts
Ammerman et al. (2020)	907	community	36.43	42.60	76.40	cross-sectional	pre-print	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation attempts
Benatti et al. (2020)	79	clinical	39.95	44.30	NR	cross-sectional	article	Italy	flawed democracy	7.52	ideation
Benatti et al. (2020)a	44	clinical	39.75	45.50	NR	cross-sectional	article	Italy	flawed democracy	7.52	ideation
Bryan et al. (2020)	10,625	community	45.20	50.70	61.90	cross-sectional	pre-print	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation attempts
Caballero-Dominguez et al. (2020)	700	community	37.10	68.00	NR	cross-sectional	article	Colombia	flawed democracy	7.13	ideation
Cai et al. (2020)	1173	frontline	NR	69.80	NR	case-control	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Cai et al. (2020)	1173	community	30.50	70.30	NR	case-control	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Capuzzi et al. (2020)	225	clinical	44.20	48.40	NR	longitudinal	article	Italy	flawed democracy	7.52	attempts
Crasta et al. (2020)	1003	community	40.90	72.50	82.40	cross-sectional	article	United Statesb	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Czeisler et al. (2020)	5412	community	NR	50.90	63.10	cross-sectional	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Dragovic et al. (2020)	654	clinical	39.50	54.60	NR	longitudinal	article	Australia	full democracy	9.09	ideation self-harm
Enos (2020)	1500	clinical	NR	NR	NR	cross-sectional	newsletter	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Every-Palmer et al. (2020)	2010	community	NR	52.90	61.20	cross-sectional	article	New Zealand	full democracy	9.26	ideation attempts
Feng et al. (2020)	671	frontline	NR	53.90	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Ferrando et al. (2020)	136	clinical	37.10	45.60	43.40	cross-sectional	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation attempts self-harm
Ferrando et al. (2020)c	65	clinical	13.80	58.50	35.40	cross-sectional	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation attempts self-harm
Fisher et al. (2020)	13,829	community	NR	75.50	NR	cross-sectional	article	Australia	full democracy	9.09	ideation
Fitzpatrick et al. (2020)	10,368	community	NR	51.00	60.40	cross-sectional	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Graell et al. (2020)	365	clinical	14.62	87.95	NR	longitudinal	article	Spain	full democracy	8.29	ideation
Gratz et al. (2020)	500	community	40.00	47.00	85.00	cross-sectional	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Hamm et al. (2020)	71	clinical	69.00	68.50	76.70	longitudinal	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Hao et al. (2020)	76	clinical	NR	NR	NR	case-control	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Hao et al. (2020)e	185	community	33.10	NR	NR	case-control	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Hong et al. (2020)	4692	frontline	NR	96.90	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Hou et al. (2020)	527	community	NR	0.00	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation attempts
Hou et al. (2020)d	332	community	NR	100.00	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation attempts
Iob et al. (2020)	44,775	community	NR	51.00	88.30	cross-sectional	article	UK	full democracy	8.52	ideation self-harm
Jhanwar et al. (2020)	32	clinical	29.90	65.60	NR	longitudinal	article	India	flawed democracy	6.90	attempts
Killgore et al. (2020)	3120	community	NR	54.20	NR	longitudinal	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Kim et al. (2020a)	72	frontline	39.20	75.00	NR	cross-sectional	article	South Korea	flawed democracy	8.00	ideation
Kim et al. (2020b)	33	clinical	45.00	NR	NR	cross-sectional	article	South Korea	flawed democracy	8.00	ideation
Lewis (2020)	179	community	NR	NR	NR	longitudinal	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Li et al. (2020)	1970	community	37.81	66.20	NR	cross-sectional	article	Taiwan	flawed democracy	7.73	ideation
Mamun et al. (2020a)	834	frontline	30.70	56.00	NR	cross-sectional	article	Bangladesh	hybrid regime	5.88	ideation
Mamun et al. (2020a)e	2554	community	29.60	50.40	NR	cross-sectional	article	Bangladesh	hybrid regime	5.88	ideation
Mamun et al. (2020b)	10,067	community	29.90	43.90	NR	cross-sectional	article	Bangladesh	hybrid regime	5.88	ideation
McAndrew et al. (2020)	152	clinical	NR	NR	NR	longitudinal	article	Ireland	full democracy	9.24	ideation self-harm
McIntyre et al. (2020)	576	clinical	NR	NR	NR	longitudinal	article	Ireland	full democracy	9.24	self-harm
Molina et al. (2020)	197	community	NR	NR	NR	cross-sectional	article	Cuba	authoritarian	2.84	ideation
Nalleballe et al. (2020)	40,469	clinical	NR	55.00	37.00	cross-sectional	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
O'Connor et al. (2020)	3077	community	NR	55.10	90.50	longitudinal	article	UK	full democracy	8.52	ideation attempts self-harm
Olding et al. (2020)	30	clinical	30.60	10.00	NR	longitudinal	article	UK	full democracy	8.52	self-harm
Pignon et al. (2020)	553	clinical	NR	47.00	NR	longitudinal	article	France	full democracy	8.12	attempts
Ren et al. (2020)	1172	community	22.00	69.30	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Saiz et al. (2020)	21,207	community	39.70	69.60	NR	cross-sectional	article	Spain	full democracy	8.29	ideation
Sharif et al. (2020)	375	frontline	NR	NR	NR	cross-sectional	article	NRf	–	–	ideation
Smalley et al. (2020)	2477	clinical	NR	NR	NR	longitudinal	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Staples et al. (2020)	5455	clinical	35.40	75.50	NR	longitudinal	article	Australia	full democracy	9.09	ideation
Talarowska et al. (2020)	443	community	31.90	78.60	NR	cross-sectional	article	Poland	flawed democracy	6.62	ideation
Tan et al. (2020)	673	community	30.80	25.60	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Teksin et al. (2020)	452	frontline	35.80	66.20	NR	cross-sectional	article	Turkey	hybrid regime	4.09	ideation
Wang et al. (2020)	1994	community	22.88	61.64	NR	cross-sectional	article	United States	flawed democracy	7.96	ideation
Wathelet et al. (2020)	69,054	community	20.00	72.80	NR	cross-sectional	article	France	full democracy	8.12	ideation
Winkler et al. (2020)	3021	community	46.84	52.33	NR	longitudinal	article	Czech Republic	flawed democracy	7.69	ideation
Xiaoming et al. (2020)	8817	frontline	33.25	78.00	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Xin et al. (2020)	23,863	community	NR	NR	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Xin et al. (2020)g	515	community	NR	NR	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Zhang et al. (2020)	1241	community	12.60	40.70	NR	longitudinal	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	attempts self-harm
Zhao et al. (2020)	106	clinical	35.90	56.60	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Zhou et al. (2020)	606	frontline	NR	81.20	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation
Zhou et al. (2020)e	1099	community	29.23	NR	NR	cross-sectional	article	China	authoritarian	2.26	ideation

Note. NR = not reported; N = total number of participants; clinical samples are comprised of help-seeking individuals; mean age is expressed in years; Female% = percentage female; White% = percentage White; Status = publication status of study; Country = participants’ country; Regime type = form of government; Democracy index = democracy index weighted average, based on a nation's electoral process and pluralism, civil liberties, functioning of government, political participation, and political culture (higher scores represent more democratic political regimes); Suicide Behaviors = type of suicide behavior assessed.

^aPatients with worsening obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms

^b97.3% of sample was from the United States.

^cChild and adolescent sample.

^dFemale sample.

^eCommunity sample.

^fRespondents from 52 countries.

^gQuarantined subsample.