Table 1.
Characteristics of Children and Adolescents Who Initiated Antiretroviral Therapy in Central Kenya (2004–2014)
| ART cohort |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 36 | 138 | 413 | 608 | 662 | 832 | 641 | 586 | 425 | 368 | 473 | 5,182 |
| Age, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| 0–4 (n = 1,815) | 7 (19.4) | 43 (31.2) | 100 (24.2) | 208 (34.2) | 230 (34.7) | 334 (40.1) | 236 (36.8) | 213 (36.3) | 162 (38.1) | 127 (34.5) | 155 (32.8) | 1,815 (35.0) |
| 5–9 (n = 1,704) | 22 (61.1) | 51 (37.0) | 184 (44.6) | 212 (34.9) | 234 (35.3) | 261 (31.4) | 213 (33.2) | 171 (29.2) | 118 (27.8) | 96 (26.1) | 142 (30.0) | 1,704 (32.9) |
| 10–14 (n = 997) | 4 (11.1) | 27 (19.6) | 86 (20.8) | 130 (21.4) | 122 (18.4) | 164 (19.7) | 112 (17.5) | 109 (18.6) | 88 (20.7) | 71 (19.3) | 84 (17.8) | 997 (19.2) |
| 15–19 (n = 666) | 3 (8.3) | 17 (12.3) | 43 (10.4) | 58 (9.5) | 76 (11.5) | 73 (8.8) | 80 (12.5) | 93 (15.9) | 57 (13.4) | 74 (20.1) | 92 (19.5) | 666 (12.9) |
| Trend test, p value = .099 | ||||||||||||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Male (n = 2,453) | 19 (52.8) | 54 (39.1) | 193 (46.7) | 287 (47.2) | 328 (49.5) | 452 (54.3) | 300 (46.8) | 272 (46.4) | 216 (50.8) | 148 (40.2) | 184 (38.9) | 2,453 (47.3) |
| Female (n = 2,729) | 17 (47.2) | 84 (60.9) | 220 (53.3) | 321 (52.8) | 334 (50.5) | 380 (45.7) | 341 (53.2) | 314 (53.6) | 209 (49.2) | 220 (59.8) | 289 (61.1) | 2,729 (52.7) |
| Trend test, p value = .006* | ||||||||||||
| Regimen, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| D4T (n = 1,103) | 27 (79.4) | 92 (68.1) | 235 (58.2) | 281 (48.5) | 251 (38.9) | 164 (24.0) | 47 (8.9) | 5 (1.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1,103 (23.6) |
| AZT (n = 1,827) | 7 (20.6) | 40 (29.6) | 164 (40.6) | 285 (49.2) | 360 (55.8) | 266 (38.9) | 195 (36.8) | 182 (38.0) | 128 (32.0) | 113 (31.7) | 87 (20.2) | 1,827 (39.1) |
| TDF (n = 239) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.6) | 18 (3.4) | 46 (9.6) | 37 (9.2) | 51 (14.3) | 74 (17.2) | 239 (5.1) |
| ABC (n = 1,506) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (0.5) | 12 (2.1) | 30 (4.7) | 249 (36.5) | 270 (50.9) | 246 (51.4) | 234 (58.5) | 192 (53.9) | 269 (62.6) | 1,506 (32.2) |
| Trend test, p value <.001* | ||||||||||||
| WHO stage, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Stage I (n = 1,050) | 6 (20.0) | 7 (5.4) | 35 (10.0) | 41 (7.8) | 79 (13.1) | 145 (18.4) | 153 (24.7) | 145 (25.6) | 116 (29.4) | 130 (36.6) | 193 (42.8) | 1,050 (21.8) |
| Stage II (n = 1,813) | 0 (0.0) | 27 (20.9) | 85 (24.2) | 195 (36.9) | 206 (34.2) | 311 (39.6) | 268 (43.3) | 240 (42.4) | 173 (43.8) | 132 (37.2) | 176 (39.0) | 1,813 (37.7) |
| Stage III (n = 1,694) | 18 (60.0) | 69 (53.5) | 177 (50.4) | 249 (47.2) | 276 (45.8) | 302 (38.4) | 184 (29.7) | 172 (30.4) | 86 (21.8) | 86 (24.2) | 75 (16.6) | 1,694 (35.2) |
| Stage IV (n = 256) | 6 (20.0) | 26 (20.2) | 54 (15.4) | 43 (8.1) | 42 (7.0) | 28 (3.6) | 14 (2.3) | 9 (1.6) | 20 (5.1) | 7 (2.0) | 7 (1.6) | 256 (5.3) |
| Trend test, p value <.001* | ||||||||||||
| TB status, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| No TB signs (n = 4,431) | 27 (90.0) | 108 (92.3) | 348 (95.3) | 511 (94.3) | 565 (95.1) | 711 (97.0) | 553 (96.8) | 510 (97.5) | 374 (97.4) | 311 (98.4) | 413 (97.9) | 4,431 (96.4) |
| Presumptive TB (n = 42) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.6) | 5 (1.4) | 6 (1.1) | 9 (1.5) | 6 (0.8) | 7 (1.2) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.7) | 42 (0.9) |
| On TB TX (n = 124) | 3 (10.0) | 6 (5.1) | 12 (3.3) | 25 (4.6) | 20 (3.4) | 16 (2.2) | 11 (1.9) | 11 (2.1) | 10 (2.6) | 4 (1.3) | 6 (1.4) | 124 (2.7) |
Trend test, p value <.001*.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; ABC, abacavir; TB, tuberculosis; TDF, tenofovir.