Table 2.
Relationship between mechanical ventilation and outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients.
| Relative Risk Ratio | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Still at risk | Dead | WRF | |
| Day 1 mechanical ventilation on day-3 WRF | |||
| Male gender | 0.91 [0.79;1.04], (p=0.147) | 0.87 [0.56;1.37], (p=0.56) | 1.1 [0.99;1.22], (p=0.073) |
| Afro-american origin | 0.93 [0.73;1.17], (p=0.528) | 0.54 [0.19;1.52], (p=0.244) | 1.1 [0.92;1.3], (p=0.301) |
| Age | |||
| ≤ 50y | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| ]50, 60] y | 1.25 [1.01;1.54], (p=0.037) | 2.81 [1.1;7.21], (p=0.032) | 1.31 [1.12;1.53], (p=0.001) |
| ]60, 70] y | 1.56 [1.28;1.91], (p<0.001) | 5.82 [2.4;14.12], (p<0.001) | 1.66 [1.43;1.95], (p<0.001) |
| > 70 | 1.45 [1.2;1.74], (p<0.001) | 8.09 [3.51;18.66], (p<0.001) | 1.82 [1.58;2.1], (p<0.001) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 24.99 [20.03;31.2], (p<0.001) | 11.55 [6.7;19.89], (p<0.001) | 8.15 [6.58;10.11], (p<0.001) |
| SAPS 3 (minus age), per 1pt increase | 1.01 [1.01;1.01], (p<0.001) | 1.06 [1.05;1.07], (p<0.001) | 1.01 [1.01;1.01], (p<0.001) |
| Sepsis Angus’ criteria | 1.95 [1.68;2.26], (p<0.001) | 0.48 [0.29;0.82], (p=0.007) | 1.25 [1.1;1.41], (p<0.001) |
| Charslon score | 1.05 [1.02;1.09], (p=0.001) | 1.01 [0.91;1.13], (p=0.808) | 1.03 [1;1.06], (p=0.02) |
| Use of nephrotoxic agents | 0.40 [0.33;0.49], (p<0.001) | 6.73 [0.93;48.92], (p=0.059) | 0.48 [0.41;0.56], (p<0.001) |
| Fluid balance, per 1000mL increase | 1.09 [1.07;1.11], (p<0.001) | 1.02 [0.96;1.1], (p=0.508) | 1.04 [1.02;1.06], (p<0.001) |
| Day 2 mechanical ventilation setting on day-4 WRF | |||
| Male gender | 0.93 [0.67;1.28], (p=0.648) | 0.66 [0.3;1.45], (p=0.298) | 0.94 [0.68;1.32], (p=0.737) |
| Afro-american origin | 1.01 [0.55;1.86], (p=0.976) | 0.57 [0.2;1.65], (p=0.298) | 1.21 [0.65;2.26], (p=0.551) |
| Age | |||
| ≤ 50y | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| ]50, 60] y | 1.48 [0.9;2.43], (p=0.121) | 1.55 [0.37;6.53], (p=0.549) | 1.7 [1.01;2.85], (p=0.046) |
| ]60, 70] y | 1.28 [0.79;2.05], (p=0.312) | 1.37 [0.34;5.44], (p=0.655) | 1.44 [0.87;2.36], (p=0.152) |
| > 70 | 1.19 [0.76;1.86], (p=0.443) | 2.18 [0.67;7.08], (p=0.196) | 1.43 [0.9;2.29], (p=0.129) |
| AKI at day-1 | 1.45 [1.04;2.04], (p=0.029) | 3.57 [1.42;8.94], (p=0.007) | 2.6 [1.84;3.69], (p<0.001) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 10.08 [5.74;17.71], (p<0.001) | 2.69 [0.91;7.91], (p=0.072) | 7.08 [3.97;12.61], (p<0.001) |
| Mechanical ventilation duration during day-1 | 0.99 [0.97;1.01], (p=0.502) | 1.09 [1.03;1.16], (p=0.002) | 0.99 [0.97;1.01], (p=0.473) |
| Vasopressor support | 18 [8;44], (p<0.001) | 1.29 [0.68;2.46], (p=0.43) | 18 [7.9;44], (p<0.001) |
| Charslon score | 1.02 [0.94;1.11], (p=0.68) | 0.7 [0.52;0.95], (p=0.022) | 1.03 [0.94;1.12], (p=0.577) |
| Reason for ICU admission | |||
| Digestive disease | 0.6 [0.34;1.07], (p=0.083) | 0.25 [0.03;2.15], (p=0.207) | 0.68 [0.38;1.23], (p=0.203) |
| Respiratory disease | 0.49 [0.3;0.82], (p=0.006) | 0.72 [0.24;2.16], (p=0.554) | 0.6 [0.36;1], (p=0.05) |
| Trauma | 0.79 [0.5;1.25], (p=0.31) | 0.57 [0.19;1.74], (p=0.326) | 0.95 [0.6;1.53], (p=0.848) |
| Others | 0.6 [0.39;0.9], (p=0.015) | 0.34 [0.11;1.08], (p=0.066) | 0.63 [0.41;0.97], (p=0.035) |
| Use of nephrotoxic agents | 0.82 [0.57;1.18], (p=0.284) | 1.18 [0.47;2.95], (p=0.73) | 1.01 [0.99;1.03], (p=0.401) |
| Cumulative fluid balance since ICU admission, per 1000mL increase | 1.02 [1;1.04], (p=0.014) | 1.01 [0.97;1.05], (p=0.593) | 0.81 [0.56;1.18], (p=0.272) |
Multivariable multinomial logistic regression. The relative risk ratio should be interpreted as the association of mechanical ventilation and outcomes compared to not to be mechanically ventilated and to the outcome reference class (i.e. to be discharged alive without AKI). WRF: worsening renal function; PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure. The relative risk ratio of 9.64 for mechanical ventilation should be interpreted as follows: The risk of worsening renal function within day-3 relative to being discharged alive from the ICU was 9.64-fold higher in mechanically ventilated patients than those not mechanically ventilated.