Table 3.

The effect of Malva neglecta extract on leptin, lipid profile, HbA1c, and insulin level in diabetic obese rats.

Treatment groups	Leptin (ug/ml)	Triglycerides (mmol/L)	Cholesterol (mmol/L)	LDL (mmol/L)	HDL (mmol/L)	HbA1c (%)	Insulin (μU/ml)
Normal control	0.042 ± 0.001∗	1.67 ± 0.29∗	5.88 ± 0.22∗	2.69 ± 0.43∗∗	0.98 ± 0.06	5.83 ± 0.61∗∗∗	0.36 ± 0.05∗∗∗
Disease control	0.053 ± 0.001	1.78 ± 0.34	6.87 ± 0.33	3.61 ± 0.23	1.02 ± 0.04	12.16 ± 0.11	0.08 ± 0.01
Metformin treatment	0.038 ± 0.01∗∗∗∗	1.63 ± 0.31∗∗∗	5.47 ± 0.32∗∗	2.53 ± 0.44∗	0.95 ± 0.03	6.46 ± 0.26∗∗∗	0.25 ± 0.03∗∗∗
MNME 250 mg/kg	0.0508 ± 0.003	1.70 ± 0.52	6.11 ± 0.44	2.95 ± 0.26	0.98 ± 0.06	10.13 ± 0.43∗∗∗	0.11 ± 0.05
MNME 500 mg/kg	0.048 ± 0.002∗∗	1.69 ± 0.24	5.81 ± 0.56	2.59 ± 0.27∗	0.97 ± 0.06	8.61 ± 0.38∗∗∗	0.19 ± 0.02∗∗
MNME 750 mg/kg	0.045 ± 0.001∗∗∗∗	1.66 ± 0.34∗∗	5.74 ± 0.41∗	2.43 ± 0.33∗	0.94 ± 0.04	6.93 ± 0.73∗∗∗	0.19 ± 0.01∗∗

Data were shown as mean ± S.D. (n = 6). ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗P < 0.05 showed significantly different in comparison to the disease control group. MNME: methanolic extract of Malva neglecta; LDL: low density; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin.