Table 3.
Characteristics of the hybrid intervention studies among severe mental disorders
| N | Article | Country | Sample (n)* | Diagnosis (n) |
Age (years) X̄ ± SD |
Study design | Duration (weeks) | Follow-up (months) | Study outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | McKibbin et al. [11] | United States |
52** Int: 26 Con: 26 |
- Schizophrenia (42) - Schizoaffective disorder (10) |
Int: 52.4 ± 8.6 Con: 55.6 ± 8.7 |
Randomized pre-test, post-test control group | 24 | 6 and 12 |
- Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) - Mattis' Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) - Energy expenditure - Diabetes knowledge - BMI - Abdominal circumference - Glycated hemoglobin |
| 02 | Brown et al. [36] | United States |
136 Int: 70 Con: 66 |
- Serious mental disorder (136) |
Int: 44.4 ± 11.7 Con: 44.9 ± 10.1 |
RCT | 52 | None |
- 24 item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Physical activity measured by accelerometer - Weight |
| 03 | Green et al. [37] | United States |
200 Int: 104 Con: 96 |
- Schizophrenia and spectrum (58) - Bipolar or affective disorder with psychosis (138) - PSTD (4) |
47.2 ± 10.6 Int: 46.2 ± 11.4 Con: 48.3 ± 9.7 |
RCT | 52 | None |
- Modified Colorado Symptom Index (CSI) - Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale 24 (BASIS-24) - Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36v2) - Weight - BMI - Metabolic syndrome - Laboratorial parameters (e.g., lipidic profile, glycated hemoglobin, serum glucose) |
| 04 | Browne et al. [35] | United States | 16 |
- Schizophrenia (5) - Schizoaffective disorder (10) - Psychotic syndrome without specification (1) |
43.3 ± 7.8 | Pilot study | 10 | 1 |
- Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) - The World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQoL-bref) - Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) - Short Form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - Six-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT) - Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) - Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) - Weight - BMI - Blood pressure |
| 05 | Aschbrenner et al. [33] | United States | 13 |
- Schizophrenia (3) - Major depressive disorder (7) - Bipolar disorder (3) |
48.8 ± 10.6 | Pilot trial | 24 | 6 |
- Six-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT) - Adapted participant attendance and satisfaction questionnaire - Weight |
| 06 | Aschbrenner et al. [34] | United States | 32 |
- Schizophrenia spectrum(7) - Major depressive disorder (14) - Bipolar disorder (11) |
48.8 ± 11.9 | Intervention Pilot study | 24 | none |
- Six-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT) - 10-item Social Provisions Scale - Weight - BMI |
| 07 | Holt et al. [38] | England |
412 Int: 208 Con: 206 |
- Schizophrenia (283) - Schizoaffective disorder (66) - First psychotic episode (63) |
Int: 40.0 ± 11.3 Con: 40.1 ± 11.5 |
RCT | 48 | 12 |
- Adapted Dietary Instrumentfor Nutrition Education questionnaire - Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) - EuroQol- 5 Dimension (EQ-5D-5L) - Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire - Weight - Medical history - Abdominal circumference - Blood pressure - Physical activity measured by accelerometer - Laboratorial parameters (e.g., lipidic profile, glycated hemoglobin, serum glucose) |
| 08 | Looijmans et al. [32] | Netherlands |
244 Int: 140 Con: 104 |
Psychotic syndrome (140) - Mood disorder (68) - Personality disorder (64) - Anxious disorder (33) - Psychiatric comorbidities (75) |
46.1 ± 10.8 Int: 44.3 ± 10.9 Con: 48.6 ± 10.2 |
Cluster RCT | 48 | 6 and 12 |
- Waist circumference - BMI - Metabolic syndrome parameters - Blood pressure - Laboratorial biomarkers (e.g., lipidic profile, glycated hemoglobin) |
| 09 | Williams et al. [31] | England |
40 Int: 20 Con: 20 |
- Schizophrenia (22) - Bipolar disorder (5) - Psychotic disorder (3) - Other (10) |
43 (20–56 anos) | Pilot RCT | 17 | 6 |
- Acceptability, feasibility and recruitment rates - Physical activity measured by accelerometer - Laboratory biomarkers (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and triglycerides, high sensitivity C reactive protein, insulin levels and blood glucose levels) - Blood pressure - Weight - Waist circumference - Metabolic Syndrome parameters |
Con Control/ usual care, Int Intervention, RCT Randomized control trial, SD Standard deviation, PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder
* The whole sample size, as well as the number of participants allocated to each group, either intervention or control
** 52 participants completed the follow-up evaluation and were included in the study. The original sample size was 64 participants