. 2022 Jun 23;12:10711. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15114-9

Table 2.

Effect of T. catappa aqueous extract treatment on kidney function parameters in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats.

	Normal	Diabetic	Glibenclamide	TCA 400	TCA 800
Urea (mg/dL)	22.94 ± 1.23^a	38.12 ± 1.59^b	25.66 ± 0.63^a	27.53 ± 2.14^a	27.87 ± 1.51^a
Ca (mg/dL)	9.86 ± 1.10^c	7.40 ± 0.25^a	8.40 ± 2.47^b	8.55 ± 2.51^b	8.54 ± 1.24^b
Na (mEQ/L)	92.12 ± 18.20^c	56.03 ± 20.51^a	64.52 ± 21.13^a	52.71 ± 16.61^a	71.17 ± 18.27^b
BUN (mg/dL)	10.71 ± 0.57^a	17.80 ± 0.74^b	11.99 ± 0.29^a	12.85 ± 1.00^a	13.01 ± 0.70^a
HCO₃ (mmol/L)	28.02 ± 8.03^c	13.76 ± 6.71^a	19.86 ± 2.31^b	20.13 ± 1.06^b	19.57 ± 1.22^b
Crea (mg/dL)	0.58 ± 0.17	0.95 ± 0.02	0.62 ± 0.08	0.70 ± 0.12	0.61 ± 0.05

Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). Values with different superscripts across a row are significantly different at p < 0.05. Values without superscripts across a row are not significantly different at p < 0.05. TCA: T. catappa aqueous extract ALT: alanine transaminase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, ALB: albumin, BIL: bilirubin, Ca: calcium, Na: sodium, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, HCO₃: bicarbonate and Crea: creatinine.