Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population at the second health examination according to the change in exercise status.
| Total population | Nonexercisers | New exercisers | Exercise dropouts | Constant exercisers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 181,591 | 119,895 (66.0%) | 27,984 (15.4%) | 19,226 (10.6%) | 14,486 (8.0%) |
| Age | 57.1 ± 10.9 | 56.9 ± 11.14 | 56.62 ± 10.29 | 58.65 ± 10.33 | 58.22 ± 9.91 |
| Sex, men | 110,488 (60.8) | 70,483 (58.8) | 17,950 (64.1) | 11,883 (61.8) | 10,172 (70.2) |
| Low-income level | 28,866 (15.9) | 60,048 (50.1) | 13,517 (48.3) | 9382 (48.8) | 6883 (47.5) |
| Hypertension | 98,652 (54.3) | 65,214 (54.39) | 14,601 (52.18) | 10,843 (56.4) | 7994 (55.18) |
| Dyslipidemia | 89,830 (49.5) | 60,048 (50.1) | 13,517 (48.3) | 9382 (48.8) | 6883 (47.51) |
| Pharmacologic therapy for DM | |||||
| Insulin | 19,772 (10.89) | 13,301 (11.1) | 3045 (10.9) | 2046 (10.6) | 1380 (9.5) |
| Number of OHA | |||||
| ≤ 1 | 75,352 (41.5) | 48,760 (40.6) | 11,614 (41.5) | 8340 (43.4) | 6638 (45.8) |
| 2 | 75,217 (41.4) | 49,923 (41.6) | 11,713 (41.9) | 7774 (40.4) | 5807 (40.1) |
| ≥ 3 | 31,022 (17.1) | 21,212 (17.7) | 4657 (16.6) | 3112 (16.2) | 2041 (14.1) |
| Medication | |||||
| Metformin | 162,029 (89.2) | 107,071 (89.3) | 25,029 (89.4) | 16,997 (88.4) | 12,932 (89.3) |
| Sulfonylurea | 85,205 (46.9) | 57,351 (47.8) | 12,963 (46.3) | 8830 (45.9) | 6061 (41.8) |
| DPPIV-inhibitors | 49,110 (27.0) | 32,738 (27.3) | 7635 (27.3) | 5029 (26.2) | 3708 (25.6) |
| TZD | 10,562 (5.8) | 7126 (5.9) | 1650 (5.9) | 1051 (5.5) | 735 (5.1) |
| AGI | 10,741 (5.9) | 7275 (6.1) | 1595 (5.7) | 1121 (5.8) | 750 (5.2) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 3.35 | 25.4 ± 3.4 | 25.1 ± 3.2 | 25.2 ± 3.3 | 25.0 ± 3.0 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127.1 ± 14.5 | 127.1 ± 14.6 | 126.6 ± 14.4 | 127.5 ± 14.6 | 127.5 ± 14.0 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.5 ± 9.6 | 78.6 ± 9.7 | 78.1 ± 9.5 | 78.4 ± 9.6 | 78.4 ± 9.3 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 190.2 ± 42.4 | 191.1 ± 42.6 | 187.7 ± 40.2 | 189.7 ± 44.6 | 187.9 ± 42.2 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 132.2 ± 40.6 | 133.3 ± 42.0 | 128.5 ± 36.6 | 132.1 ± 40.3 | 129.8 ± 35.5 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 89.8 ± 39.5 | 89.9 ± 38.6 | 89.8 ± 41.3 | 88.9 ± 36.8 | 89.2 ± 46.3 |
| Current smoking | 44,366 (24.43) | 31,213 (26.03) | 6180 (22.08) | 4132 (21.49) | 2841 (19.61) |
| Heavy alcohol consumption | 17,001 (9.36) | 11,358 (9.47) | 2422 (8.65) | 1693 (8.81) | 1528 (10.55) |
| Use of statin | 85,935 (47.3) | 57,024 (47.6) | 13,248 (47.3) | 8963 (46.6) | 6700 (46.3) |
| Use of anti-hypertensive drugs | 95,884 (52.8) | 63,035 (52.6) | 14,330 (51.2) | 10,716 (55.7) | 7803 (53.9) |
| Use of aspirin | 47,909 (26.4) | 31,426 (26.2) | 7222 (25.8) | 5317 (27.7) | 3944 (27.2) |
Data are expressed as the means ± SD, or n (%).
DM diabetes mellitus, OHA oral hypoglycemic agents, DPPIV-inhibitors dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitors, TZD thiazolidinedione, AGI alpha glucosidase inhibitors, BP blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate.