Table 3.

Registry studies for induction agents

Agent (s)	Author/year	N	Intervention/type of trial	Exclusion	Outcomes
BAS, ALM, ALG, ATG	Duffy et al. 2015 [17]	3405	Retrospective cohort review of the UNOS database, COPD transplant recipients Cohort 1: induced (52%) with basiliximab, alemtuzumab, thymoglobulin, ALG, or ATG, n = 1761 Cohort 2: no induction (48%), n = 1644	Transplanting diagnosis other than COPD, re-transplantation, other than deceased donor; transplant year prior to 5/1/2005 or after 6/26/2014; age < 18 years; induction with daclizumab or OKT3; use of more than one induction agent, patient, or graft survival < 1 day	Induced patients observed a survival benefit compared to no induction. HR 0.793 (95% CI = 0.693, 0.909; p = 0.001) No differences were noted in death due to infection or acute rejection Induced patients had a delay in BOS onset compared no induction (SHR = 0.801, p = 0.003)
BAS, ALM, ALG, ATG	Kirkby et al. 2015 [18]	1721	Retrospective cohort review of the UNOS and SRTR database Cohort 1: induced (46%) basiliximab, alemtuzumab, thymoglobulin, ALG, or ATG, n = 792 Cohort 2: no induction (54%), n = 929	Transplanting diagnosis other than CF, re-transplantation, other than deceased donor; transplant year before 1/1/2001 or after 7/6/2011; age < 6 or > 55 years; induction with daclizumab or OKT3; use of more than one induction agent, patient, or graft survival < 1 day	Recipients who underwent induction had a longer group median survival of 93.8 months compared to no induction 61.8 months (p < 0.001)
BAS, ATG	Hachem et al. 2008 [24]	3970	Retrospective cohort review of the ISHLT Registry Cohort 1: no induction (56.6%), n = 2249 Cohort 2: IL-2 RA-BAS, daclizumab (28.3%), n = 1124 Cohort 3: ATG (15%), n = 597	Re-transplantation; transplant year < 1/1/2000 or > 3/31/2004; age < 18 years; death within 14 days of transplantation; use of multiple induction agents; no known immunosuppression; use of multiple calcineurin inhibitors or anti-metabolites during the initial hospitalization; induction with OKT 3; patients requiring inotropic support prior to transplantation	The IL-2 RA cohort observed a graft survival benefit over the ATG and no induction groups (64%; 60%; 57%; log rank p = 0.0067) Single and bilateral recipients who received IL-2 RA had a significant survival advantage compared with no induction (RR = 0.82, p = 0.007) ATG offered a survival advantage over the no induction group in bilateral recipients (RR = 0.78; p = 0.043); but not in single lung recipients (RR = 1.06; p = 0.58) Fewer early post-transplant infections in the no induction group 38% compared to those who received an IL-RA (45%) or ATG (43%), p < 0.0005 Patients who did not receive induction were more likely to be treated for rejection early after transplant (22%) compared to those who received IL-2 RA (15%) or ATG (17%); p < 0.005
BAS, ALM, ALG, ATG	Whitson et al. 2014 [19]	12,858	Retrospective cohort review of the UNOS/SRTR database Cohort 1: induction (44%) with BAS, alemtuzumab, thymoglobulin, ALG, or ATG, n = 5713 Cohort 2: no induction (56%), n = 7145	Re-transplantation, other than deceased donor; transplant year before 1/1/2001 or after 12/21/2012; age < 18 years; induction with daclizumab or OKT3; use of more than one induction agent, patient, or graft survival < 1 day	Recipients who underwent induction had a reduced risk of death (p < 0.0001) Lower risk of death for patients receiving BAS compared to no induction (HR = 0.822; p < 0.0001) or ALG/ATG (HR = 0.89; p = 0.0223) Median survival: induced patients 71.3 months; no induction 63.2 months No significant difference found in the incidence of post-transplant dialysis