Fig. 4.

The expression of TRPV4, GFAP, and proinflammatory cytokines in 4-AP-induced primary cultured astrocytes. a Representative confocal imaging showing TRPV4 and GFAP expression at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after 4-AP (5 mM) administration in primary cultured astrocytes (n = 3). b–d The protein (b, d) and mRNA levels (c) of TRPV4 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after 4-AP administration in primary cultured astrocytes (n = 3). b, e, f The protein (b, f) and mRNA levels (e) of GFAP at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after 4-AP administration in primary cultured astrocytes (n = 3). g–j The mRNA levels of IL-6 (g), TNF-α (h), IL-1β (i), and iNOS (j) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after 4-AP administration in primary cultured astrocytes (n = 3). The data are presented as the means ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, Tukey’s test after ANOVA