. 2022 Jun 24;48(5):547–558. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2022.06.001

Table 5.

Comparison of mean communication skills scores between the groups (N = 60)

Variable	Intervention group (n = 30)			Control group (n = 30)			Test value	P value
Variable	Mean	SD	Min-Max	Mean	SD	Min-Max	Test value	P value
Total score—pretest	89.40	11.46	72-113	92.83	16.56	59-118	−0.933^∗	.355
Total score—post-test	100.9	9.31	86-125	88.36	15.37	63-123	3.830^∗	< .001
Measurement	F = 25.693^†; P < .001
Measurement × group	F = 131.714^†; P < .001
Basic skills and self-expression—pretest	31.83	4.12	24-41	33.20	5.30	22-41	−1.115^∗	.270
Basic skills and self-expression—post-test	36.33	3.13	32-45	31.86	5.09	23-44	4.093^∗	< .001
Measurement	F = 26.424^†; P < .001
Measurement × group	F = 89.664^†; P < .001
Attention to communication—pretest	17.53	2.22	14-22	18.76	3.41	9-24	−1.659^∗	.103
Attention to communication—post-test	19.66	1.98	16-25	17.56	3.08	9-24	3.136^∗	.003
Measurement	F = 5 .818^†; P < .05
Measurement × group	F = 74.207^†; P < .001
Willingness to communicate—pretest	10.76	2.06	8-15	11.13	2.67	6-15	−0.595^∗	.554
Willingness to communicate—post-test	11.96	1.77	9-15	10.50	2.40	6-15	2.691^∗	.009
Measurement	F = 4.836^†; P < .05
Measurement × group	F = 50.620^†; P < .001
Effective listening and nonverbal- communication—pretest	18.66	2.57	14-25	18.70	3.37	12-23	−0.043^∗	.966
Effective listening and nonverbal- communication—post-test	20.53	2.24	16-25	18.13	3.46	12-25	3.188^∗	.002
Measurement	F = 10.294^†; P < .01
Measurement × group	F = 36.066^†; P < .001
Following principles of communication—pretest	10.60	2.14	7-15	11.03	2.60	6-15	−0.703^∗	.484
Following principles of communication—post-test	12.43	1.61	10-15	10.30	2.35	6-15	4.099^∗	< .001
Measurement	F = 14.219^†; P < .001
Measurement × group	F = 77.416^†; P < .001

Min-Max, minimum-maximum.

^∗

Independent groups t test.

^†

Repeated measures analysis of variance.