TABLE 1.
The therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine on spinal cord injury.
| Medicine | Model | Result | Mechanism | References |
| Polydatin | Rats | Keap1↓ Nrf2, NQO-1, and HO-1↑ | Activate Nrf2/ARE pathway to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction | Zhan et al., 2021 |
| Emodin | Rats | The expression of Nrf2, HO-1, GFAP and NF-κB protein in the emodin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) treatment group was higher than that of the control group | Activate Nrf2/ARE pathway | Zeng et al., 2018 |
| Allicin | Rats | Recovery of motor function and neuronal damage in SCI rats | Nrf2 nuclear translocation in neurons and microglia | Runxiao et al., 2015 |
| Salvianolic acid A | Rats | miR-101, Cul3, Nrf2, and HO-1? | Activate miR-101/Cul3/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway | Yu et al., 2017 |
| Salidroside | Rats | SOD activity↓, MDA, Nrf-2, and HO-1↑ | Activate Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway | Liu et al., 2021 |
| Asiatic acid | Rats | IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α, ROS, H2O2, Malondialdehyde and NLRP3↓, SOD activity, GSH, Nrf2, and HO-1↑ | Activate Nrf2 and HO-1 and inhibit ROS and NLRP3 pathways | Jiang et al., 2016 |
| Curcumin | Rats | Nrf2 activity↑, NF-κBactivity↓ | Activate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibit P65 | Jin W. et al., 2021 |
| Sulforaphane | Rats | Nrf2 and HO-1↑ | Increase the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 | Benedict et al., 2012 |
| Rosmarinic acid | Rats | Nrf2, HO-1↑, TLR4, MyD88↓, IκB phosphorylation↓, NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation↓ | Regulates Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κ b pathways | Ma et al., 2020 |
| Luteolin | Rats | Nrf2↑, NLRP3↓ | Activate Nrf2 and inhibit NLRP3 pathway | Fu et al., 2018 |
| Sinomenine | Rats | Nrf2 nuclear translocation↑, Nrf2-mediated transactivation↑ | Activate Nrf2 signaling pathway | Zhang L. et al., 2019 |
| Ginsenoside Rb1 | Rats | Serum MDA↓, SOD, CAT, GSH activity↑, eNOS, HSP90, Nrf2, Nqo1, and HO-1↑ | Activate eNOS/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway | Liu et al., 2018 |
| Gastrodin | Rats | Expression of Nrf2, GCLc, and GCLm↑ | Enhance Nrf2-GCLc/GCLm signal pathway | Du et al., 2016 |
| Perillaldehyde | Rats | Nrf2and HO-1↑ | Activate Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway | Zheng W. et al., 2021 |
| Trehalose | Rats | Nrf2 and HO-1↑ | Activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway | Gong et al., 2022 |