TABLE 1.

Predicting skepticism regarding vaccine efficacy and vaccine hesitancy (cross-sectional observations).^a

Cross-sectional observations	Vaccine efficacy skepticism (W1)	Vaccine hesitancy (W1)
	β	β
Controls
Age	−0.122***	–0.022
Gender (1 = females)	0.118***	0.138***
Education	−0.119***	−0.140***
Income	0.001	–0.008
Race (0 = white)	−0.059**	−0.112***
Political interest	–0.015	–0.035
Political trust	−0.203***	−0.197***
Political efficacy	–0.022	0.042
Partisanship	–0.033	0.077***
Traditional media news use	−0.057*	−0.074**
News trust	−0.183***	−0.132***
Independent variables
Social media news use	0.054*	–0.020
News literacy	−0.055*	0.033
Total R 2	0.227	0.216

^aStatistical significance is marked as *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.