TABLE 1.

The description of mindfulness meditation (MM) components and neural mechanisms.

MM components	Description	Neural mechanism
Present-centered awareness	Selective attention to present moment sensory and perceptual experience	Salience network: bilateral anterior insular, dorsal ACC
Meta-awareness	Monitor the process of consciousness, mind-wandering, orientate attention back to present moment	Default mode network: posterior cingulate cortex, medial PFC, precuneus and inferior parietal cortices
Non-reactive self-related processing	Non-judgmental, accepting and curious attitude to view self-related perceptual and cognitive process	Narrative focus (cognitive interpretation of mental processes): ventral mPFC, dorsal mPFC, left lateral PFC, middle temporal and angular gyri Experiential focus (attend to present-moment sensory thoughts, feelings and sensations): ventral PFC, dorsolateral PFC, right insular, SII and inferior parietal lobule

ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex.