Table 1.
Candidate predictor variables from the Australian Health Survey data 2011–2013 by Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) groups (<2 and ≥2)
| Variables | EOSS<2 (n=1678) | EOSS≥2 (n=5840) | P value |
| Age | <0.001 | ||
| 18–24 years | 178 (10.6%) | 343 (5.9%) | |
| 25–34 years | 502 (29.9%) | 940 (16.1%) | |
| 35–44 years | 482 (28.7%) | 1337 (22.9%) | |
| 45–54 years | 352 (21.0%) | 1603 (27.4%) | |
| 55–64 years | 164 (9.8%) | 1617 (27.7%) | |
| Gender | 0.011 | ||
| Males | 889 (53.0%) | 2889 (49.5%) | |
| Females | 789 (47.0%) | 2951 (50.5%) | |
| Country of birth | 0.202 | ||
| Australia | 1226 (73.1%) | 4372 (74.9%) | |
| Main English-speaking countries | 193 (11.5%) | 665 (11.4%) | |
| Other | 259 (15.4%) | 803 (13.7%) | |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||
| Non smoker | 887 (52.9%) | 2558 (43.8%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 453 (27.0%) | 2008 (34.4%) | |
| Current smoker | 338 (20.1%) | 1274 (21.8%) | |
| Whether exercise met the recommended guidelines | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 940 (56.0%) | 2920 (50.0%) | |
| No | 735 (43.8%) | 2913 (49.9%) | |
| Unknown | 3 (0.2%) | 7 (0.1%) | |
| Whether vegetable and fruit consumption met recommended guidelines | 0.766 | ||
| Yes | 84 (5.0%) | 303 (5.2%) | |
| No | 1594 (95.0%) | 5537 (94.8%) | |
| Family history of diabetes | <0.001 | ||
| No | 1276 (76.0%) | 3828 (65.5%) | |
| Yes | 383 (22.9%) | 1884 (32.3%) | |
| Unknown | 19 (1.1%) | 128 (2.2%) | |
| Family history of high sugar in blood or urine | |||
| No | 1678 (100.0%) | 5455 (93.4%) | |
| Yes | 0 (0.0%*) | 385 (6.6%) | |
| History of depression or anxiety | <0.001 | ||
| No | 1665 (99.2%) | 4574 (78.3%) | |
| Yes | 13 (0.8%) | 1266 (21.7%) | |
| Family history of hypertension | |||
| No | 1678 (100.0%) | 4490 (76.9%) | |
| Yes | 0 (0.0%*) | 1350 (23.1%) | |
| Family history of high cholesterol levels | |||
| No | 1678 (100.0%) | 4734 (81.1%) | |
| Yes | 0 (0.0%*) | 1106 (18.9%) | |
| Self-assessed health | |||
| Excellent | 492 (29.3%) | 757 (13.0%) | |
| Very good | 740 (44.1%) | 2028 (34.7%) | |
| Good | 394 (23.5%) | 2008 (34.4%) | |
| Fair | 52 (3.1%) | 772 (13.2%) | |
| Poor | 0 (0.0%*) | 275 (4.7%) | |
| Disability status | <0.001 | ||
| Has no limitation or specific restriction or disability or long-term condition | 1432 (85.4%) | 3859 (66.0%) | |
| Has mild core/school/employment activity limitation | 32 (1.9%) | 652 (11.2%) | |
| Has moderate core activity limitation | 0 (0.0%) | 478 (8.2%) | |
| Has severe core activity limitation | 4 (0.2%) | 273 (4.7%) | |
| Has profound core activity limitation | 210 (12.5%) | 578 (9.9%) | |
| Bodily pain in the last 4 weeks | |||
| None | 779 (46.4%) | 1366 (23.4%) | |
| Very mild/mild | 897 (53.5%) | 2385 (40.8%) | |
| Moderate | 1676 (0.0%*) | 1462 (25.1%) | |
| Severe | 0 (0.0%*) | 487 (8.3%) | |
| Very severe | 0 (0.0%*) | 130 (2.2%) | |
| Unknown | 2 (0.1%) | 10 (0.2%) |
*Structural zeros were either due to the definitional variables (variables or levels of variables that were used to define EOSS≥2) or those variables that had significant correlation to EOSS≥2.