Table 1.

Physical properties of common radionuclides for molecular imaging [59,60,61,62,63].

Modality	Isotope	Half-Life	Branching Ratio(β+) (%)	Maximum Positron Range in Water (mm)	Gamma-Photon Energy (keV)
PET	Carbon-11 (11C)	20.4 min	99	4.5	-
	Gallium-68 (68Ga)	68.4 min	88	10.3	-
	Fluorine-18 (18F)	109.8 min	97	2.3	-
	Copper-64 (64Cu)	12.7 h	17.6	2.9	-
	Arsenic-72 (72As)	26.0 h	88	18.2	-
	Zirconium-89 (89Zr)	78.4 h	22.7	4.2	-
	Scandium-44 (44Sc)	4.04 h	94.3	2.3
	Iodine-124 (124I)	100.2 h	22.8	11.7	-
SPECT	Iodine-123 (123I)	13.3 h	-	-	159
	Indium-111 (111In)	67.3 h	-	-	171 and 245
	Technetium-99m (99mTc)	6.01 h	-	-	140