Table 1.
Studies assessing the association between AGE concentrations and dementia.
| Study | Study Design | Sample Size | Age (Mean ± SD) Years | Participant Sex (Male) | AGE Measure | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adams et al., 2017 | Cross-sectional | 816 | 66.0 ± 9.9 | 46.6% | Serum AGE | Higher AGEs were associated with poorer digit symbol substitution test performance and decreased grey matter volume. |
| Chen et al., 2021 | Longitudinal | 3889 | 72.5 ± 8.9 | 43.8% | Skin AGE, Plasma EN-RAGE & S-RAGE | At baseline, higher EN-RAGE associated with higher prevalence of dementia, whereas higher S-RAGE associated with a lower prevalence. After 12.4 years on average, only EN-RAGE was associated with dementia prevalence. |
| Chou et al., 2019 | Longitudinal | 25 | 79.0 ± 5.8 | 12% | Plasma AGE | Higher AGEs were associated with a decline in the CDR after a 48.6 ± 2.1 month follow-up in people with AD and T2DM. |
| Drenth et al., 2017 | Longitudinal | 144 | 80.7 ± 7.7 | 43.7% | Skin AGE | Functional ability was associated with AGE levels and dementia progression over one year. |
| Lotan et al., 2021 | Randomized control trial | 75 | Intervention: 71.9 ± 4.29 Control: 71.42 ± 3.99 |
Intervention: 77.1% Control: 72.5% |
Serum AGE | Reduced dietary AGE intake and standard dietary advice improved cognitive performance in people with T2DM. More improvement was observed in people with MCI in the intervention group. |
Legend: CDR = clinical dementia rating; esRAGE = endogenous secretory RAGE; GAD = general anxiety disorder; NA = not assessed; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; sRAGE = soluble receptor for advanced glycation end product.