Table 1.
Characteristics of studies entered in the meta-analysis.
| First Author | Country | Patient | OR/RR (95% CIs) Study | Study | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Cases | PFOA | PFNA | PFHxS | PFOS | Type | |
| Bonefeld-Jørgensen (2014) [9] | Denmark | 250 | 0.97 (0.53, 1.75) a 1.14 (0.62, 2.12) b 0.94 (0.51, 1.76) c |
1.10 (0.30, 1.94) a 1.08 (0.58, 1.99) b 0.80 (0.43, 1.47) c |
0.64 (0.34, 1.18) a 0.38 (0.20, 0.70) b 0.61 (0.33, 1.12) c |
1.51 (0.81, 2.71) a 1.13 (0.59, 2.04) b 0.90 (0.47, 1.70) c |
# |
| Hurley S (2018) [10] | The US | 902 | NR 0.901 (0.705, 1.152) b 0.925 (0.715, 1.197) c |
NR 1.043 (0.808, 1.345) b 1.037 (0.798, 1.348) c |
NR 0.798 (0.621, 1.025) b 0.801 (0.619, 1.035) c |
NR 0.883 (0.691–1.129) b 0.898 (0.695, 1.161) c |
# |
| Mancini FR (2020) [13] | France | 194 | 1.86 (1.03, 3.36) a 0.95 (0.47, 1.92) b 0.98 (0.46, 2.08) c |
NR NR NR |
NR NR NR |
1.80 (0.98, 3.28) a 1.78 (0.95, 3.34) b 1.67 (0.90, 3.10) c |
# |
| Itoh H (2021) [11] | Japan | 401 | 0.45 (0.25, 0.80) a 0.39 (0.20, 0.73) b 0.21 (0.10, 0.45) c |
0.47 (0.25, 0.88) a 0.24 (0.12, 0.48) b 0.14 (0.07, 0.30) c |
0.67 (0.37, 1.23) a 0.43 (0.22, 0.84) b 0.23 (0.10, 0.49) c |
0.41 (0.22, 0.77) a 0.37 (0.19, 0.71) b 0.14 (0.07, 0.31) c |
# |
| Omoike OE (2021) [12] | The US | 11631 | 2.40 (2.38, 2.42) a 1.39 (1.38, 1.40) b 2.30 (2.28, 2.31) c |
0.51 (0.51, 0.52) a 1.05 (1.05, 1.06) b 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) c |
9.36 (9.23, 9.50) a 7.05 (6.94, 7.15) b 7.07 (6.97, 7.17) c |
0.87 (0.86, 0.89) a 1.06 (1.05, 1.06) b 1.47 (1.46, 1.48) c |
* |
| Tsai M-s (2020) [18] | China | 119 | 0.94 (0.64, 1.37) | 0.87 (0.50, 1.51) | 1.22 (0.87, 1.72) | 1.12 (0.64, 1.95) | # |
| Bonefeld-Jørgensen (2011) [19] | Denmark | 31 | 1.20 (0.77, 1.88) | NR | NR | 1.03 (1.001, 1.07) | # |
| Velarde MC (2022) [20] | The Philippines | 75 | 0.64 (0.21, 1.90) a 1.05 (0.38, 2.93) b 0.44 (0.14, 1.36) c |
1.28 (0.40, 4.11) a 1.33 (0.42, 4.30) b 1.29 (0.40, 4.10) c |
0.57 (0.17, 1.84) a 0.85 (0.28, 2.54) b 1.22 (0.43, 3.45) c |
1.36 (0.42, 4.52) a 1.25 (0.38, 4.17) b 2.38 (0.81, 7.31) c |
# |
PFOA: perfluorooctanoic acid; PFNA: perfluorononanoic acid; PFHxS: perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFOS: perfluorooctane sulfonate; OR: odds ratio RR: relative risk; a: the result for the low-level exposure group; b: the result for the medium-level exposure group; c: the result for the high-level exposure group; NR: not researched; #: case–control study; *: cross-sectional study.