Table 1.
Clinical and lifestyle data of CENT and CTLs subjects.
| CENT | NON | CTLs | p CENT vs NON | p CENT vs CTLs | p NON vs CTLs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 17 | 29 | 46 | ||||
| Demographic data | |||||||
| Age (M ± SD) | 102.2 ± 2.3 | 93.1 ± 2.7 | 50.9 ± 8.3 | 1.62 × 10−14 | 1.11 × 10−33 | 3.46 × 10−39 | |
| Female (n, %) | 14, 82.3 | 23, 79.3 | 37, 80.4 | 0.802 | 0.863 | 0.906 | |
| Male (n, %) | 3, 17.6 | 6, 20.7 | 9, 19.6 | 0.802 | 0.863 | 0.906 | |
| Anthropometric data | |||||||
| BMI (M ± SD) | 26.12 ± 4.5 | 27.14 ± 4.2 | 22.75, 2.8 | 0.274 | 0.001 | 0 | |
| Lifestyle factors | |||||||
| Current smoking status (n, %) | 0, 0.0 | 0, 0.0 | 7, 15.2 | - | 0.088 | 0.027 | |
| Former smoking status (n, %) | 2, 11.8 | 3, 10.3 | 2, 4.3 | 0.881 | 0.785 | 0.881 | |
| Current alcohol consumption (n, %) | 8, 47.1 | 11, 37.9 | 9, 19.6 | 0.544 | 0.701 | 0.829 | |
| Former alcohol consumption (n, %) | 13, 76.5 | 17, 58.6 | n.d. | 0.22 | - | - | |
| Coffee consumption (n, %) | 13, 76.5 | 21, 72.4 | 33, 71.7 | 0.762 | 0.982 | 0.677 | |
| Bowel function | |||||||
| Movements/week (M ± SD) | 4.4 ± 2.2 | 4.9 ± 2.1 | n.d. | 0.193 | - | - | |
| From 1 to 3 (movements/week, %) | 8, 47.1 | 10, 30.5 | n.d. | n.d. | - | - | |
| From 4 to 5 (movements/week, %) | 3, 17.6 | 2, 6.9 | n.d. | n.d. | - | - | |
| From 6 to 7 (movements/week, %) | 6, 35.3 | 17, 58.6 | n.d. | n.d. | - | - | |
| Medications, n/day (M ± SD) | 3.4 ± 2.9 | 4.5 ±2.8 | n.d. | 0.209 | 4.43 × 10−09 | 1.12 × 10−14 | |
| MMSE score (M ± SD) | 19.3 ± 4.3 | 25.3 ± 4.3 | n.d. | 0.001 | - | - | |
| MDS (M ± SD) | 31.0 ± 5.3 | 30.7 ± 4.5 | 32.9 ± 3.7 | 0.426 | 0.067 | 0.036 | |
| ADL score (M ± SD) | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 4.2 ± 2.3 | n.d. | 0.03 | - | - | |
| PASE score (M ± SD) | 11.2 ± 12.3 | 31.7 ± 24.1 | n.d. | 0.024 | - | - | |
| MNA score (M ± SD) | 24.1 ± 3.4 | 24.0 ± 6.9 | n.d. | 0.782 | - | - | |
| Comorbidities (n, %) | 16, 94.1 | 27, 93.1 | 6, 13.0 | 0.893 | 0 | 0 | |
M = mean, n = number, SD = standard deviation, BMI = Body Mass Index, MMSE = Mini Mental State Evaluation, MDS = Mediterranean Diet score, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, PASE = Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, MNA = Mini Nutritional Assessment, n.d. = not determined. The statistical significance was evaluated by t tests for independent samples for continuous variables and by Pearson’s chi-squared test for categorical variables in SPSS software v.28.0.1.0. Bold values denote statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). CENT = centenarians, NON = nonagenarians, CTLs = healthy younger controls.