Table 1.
The composition of the tested materials provided by the manufacturers.
| Type | Product Name (Manufacturer) | Composition | Curing Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alkasite | Cention (Ivoclar Vivadent) | Powder: inert barium alumino-boro-silicate glass, ytterbium fluoride, a calcium fluoro-alumino-silicate glass, and a reactive SiO2-CaO-CaF2-Na2O glass Liquid: UDMA, aromatic aliphatic UDMA, DCP, and PEG-400-DMA Initiator system: hydroperoxide, Ivocerin, and acyl phosphine oxide Filler content: 58–59 vol% |
Dual-cure |
| Giomer | Beautifil II (Shofu Dental GmbH) | Fillers: s-PRG (aluminofluoro-borosilicate glass), Al2O3 Resin: bis-GMA, TEGDMA Filler content: 69 vol% |
Light-cure |
| Glass-ionomer | Fuji IX GP Fast (GC Europe) |
Powder: fluoro-alumino-silicate glass Liquid: Polybasic carboxylic acid (copolymer of acrylic and maleic acid), tartaric acid, water |
Self-cure |
| Composite (control) | Tetric EvoCeram (Ivoclar Vivadent) |
Fillers: Barium glass filler, ytterbium fluoride, mixed oxide, prepolymers Resin: bis-GMA, UDMA, bis-EMA Filler content: 53–55 vol% |
Light-cure |
Abbreviations: Bis-GMA—bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate; TEGDMA—triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; UDMA—urethane dimethacrylate; bis-EMA—ethoxylated bisphenol A-dimethacrylate; s-PRG—surface-modified pre-reacted glass-ionomer fillers.