Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Baseline Characteristics | Mean (s.d.) | Median (min; max) |
|---|---|---|
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 38.8 (7.7) | 36.9 (28.1; 60.7) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 123.4 (14.4) | 120 (101; 161) |
| Fasting glycemia (mg/dL) | 129.9 (36.6) | 121.5 (87; 221) |
| Glycated hemoglobin (mmol/mol) | 52.9 (21.6) | 44.5 (33; 128) |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.85 (0.40; 1.65) |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 87.8 (22.9) | 88 (41; 153) |
| Fasting serum insulin (mUI/L) | 22.6 (15.2) | 20.1 (3.8; 75) |
| Fasting serum C-peptide (ng/mL) | 3.7 (1.5) | 3.4 (1.3; 8.1) |
| HOMA-IR index | 6.9 (4.7) | 5.3 (1.6; 21.8) |
| Visceral adipose tissue (L) | 5.7 (2.9) | 5.1 (2.3; 14.9) |
| Fat mass index (kg/m2) | 17.1 (6.3) | 15.7 (6; 36.6) |
| Fat-free mass index (kg/m2) | 21.4 (3.1) | 21.7 (15.7; 29.8) |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) Skeletal muscle index (kg/m2) Hand grip (kg) MQI (kg/kg) |
28.2 (6.2) 10.4 (1.8) 32.5 (9.8) 1.1 (0.6) |
28.3 (15.9; 42.1) 10.7 (6.8; 15.10) 32 (15; 60) 1.1 (0.5; 3.15) |
| Total body water (L) | 42.9 (9.1) | 42.7 (24; 62.6) |
| Extracellular body water (L) | 19.4 (3.7) | 18.6 (12.7; 28) |
| Extracellular body water to total body water ratio | 45.6 (2.6) | 44.8 (40.9; 53) |
| Phase angle (°) | 5.8 (0.8) | 5.7 (3.9; 7.5) |
| US-VAT (cm) | 6.9 (2.4) | 6.5 (3; 13) |
Descriptive statistics are presented as means, standard deviation, and median, minimum, and maximum values. HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; MQI: muscle quality index; US-VAT: ultrasonographic visceral adipose tissue.