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. 2022 Jun 10;14(12):2414. doi: 10.3390/nu14122414

Table 2.

Estimated mean changes in anthropometric, serologic, bioimpedance, and ultrasonographic parameters over the study period (T3 and T6).

Parameters Time
T0 Variation at T3 Variation at T6
Body weight (kg) 103.96 ± 3.03 −7.83 ± 0.72 ** −9.89 ± 0.99 ** #
Body mass index (kg/m2) 38.81 ± 1.18 −3.05 ± 0.30 ** −3.36 ± 0.42 **
Waist circumference (cm) 123.53 ± 2.24 −6.32 ± 1.12 ** −7.31 ± 1.15 **
Fasting glycemia (mg/dL) 129.95 ± 5.71 −15.57 ± 4.41 ** −23.56 ± 4.45 ** ##
HbA1c (mmol/mol) 52.86 ± 3.36 −10.72 ± 2.80 ** −11.16 ± 2.99 **
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) 0.88 ± 0.04 0.03 ± 0.03 0.01 ± 0.03
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 87.85 ± 3.57 0.85 ± 2.55 −2.02 ± 2.52
Fasting serum insulin (mUI/L) 22.59 ± 2.46 −0.76 ± 3.17 −5.22 ± 2.16 *
Fasting serum C-peptide (ng/mL) 3.72 ± 0.24 0.08 ± 0.29 −0.13 ± 0.27
HOMA-IR index 6.88 ± 0.77 −1.22 ± 1.06 −2.62 ± 0.79 **
Visceral adipose tissue (L) 5.74 ± 0.45 −0.55 ± 0.27 * −0.95 ± 0.24 * #
Fat mass index (kg/m2) 17.10 ± 0.99 −2.19 ± 0.46 ** −3.04 ± 0.43 ** #
Fat-free mass index (kg/m2) 21.45 ± 0.47 −0.61 ± 0.24 * −0.74 ± 0.17 **
Skeletal muscle mass (kg) 28.16 ± 0.98 −1.31 ± 0.37 ** −1.53 ± 0.36 **
Skeletal muscle index (kg/m2) 10.36 ± 0.27 −0.52 ± 0.14 ** −0.51 ± 0.14 **
HG (kg) 32.49 ± 1.64 0.49 ± 1.75 0.76 ± 1.26
MQI (kg/kg) 1.06 ± 0.09 0.16 ± 0.09 0.17 ± 0.08
Total body water (L) 42.95 ± 1.39 −0.20 ± 0.79 −0.87 ± 1.13
Extracellular body water (L) 19.45 ± 0.56 −0.10 ± 0.32 −0.41 ± 0.48
ECW to TBW ratio 45.6 ± 0.41 −0.24 ± 0.36 0.00 ± 0.35
Phase angle (°) 5.76 ± 0.12 −0.15 ± 0.10 −0.21 ± 0.10
US-VAT (cm) 6.93 ± 0.39 −1.45 ± 0.23 ** −1.49 ± 0.33 **

Models for each parameter are expressed as mean ± S.E. at T0 and mean variation ± S.E. at T3 and T6. HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; HG: hand grip; MQI: muscle quality index; ECW: extracellular body water; TBW: total body water; US-VAT: ultrasonographic visceral adipose tissue. Variation versus T0: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. Variation versus T3: # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01.