Table 1. Patient Characteristics in Unadjusted and Inverse Probability Weighted Populations.
| Characteristic | Observed | Weighted and imputeda | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%)b | SMD | No. (%)b | SMD | |||
| Surgery | Nonsurgical treatment | Surgery | Nonsurgical treatment | |||
| No. | 2717 | 7719 | 2717 | 7719 | ||
| Age, median (IQR) | 60 (55-65) | 62 (56-67) | −0.20 | 62 (56-67) | 61 (56-67) | 0.00 |
| Male | 2679 (98.6) | 7650 (99.1) | −0.05 | 2694 (99.2) | 7644 (99.0) | 0.01 |
| Year of diagnosisc | ||||||
| 2000-2005 | 919 (33.8) | 1986 (25.7) | −0.16 | 835 (30.7) | 2158 (28.0) | −0.02 |
| 2006-2010 | 699 (25.7) | 2112 (27.4) | 674 (24.8) | 2115 (27.4) | ||
| 2011-2015 | 701 (25.8) | 2273 (29.4) | 737 (27.1) | 2150 (27.8) | ||
| 2016-2020 | 398 (14.6) | 1348 (17.5) | 471 (17.3) | 1297 (16.8) | ||
| Race | ||||||
| Black | 291 (12.1) | 1028 (14.9) | −0.08 | 380 (14.0) | 1119 (14.5) | −0.02 |
| White | 2079 (86.5) | 5744 (83.6) | 2304 (84.8) | 6484 (84.0) | ||
| Otherd | 33 (1.4) | 101 (1.5) | 33 (1.2) | 116 (1.5) | ||
| Missing | 314 | 846 | NA | NA | ||
| Clinical tumor stage | ||||||
| Tx or T0 | 496 (19.2) | 265 (3.6) | −0.83 | 205 (7.5) | 563 (7.3) | 0.06 |
| T1 | 815 (31.6) | 1083 (14.8) | 533 (19.6) | 1425 (18.5) | ||
| T2 | 827 (32.1) | 2595 (35.4) | 854 (31.4) | 2752 (35.7) | ||
| T3 | 255 (9.4) | 1545 (21.1) | 429 (15.8) | 1420 (18.4) | ||
| T4 | 211 (7.8) | 1833 (25.0) | 695 (25.6) | 1559 (20.2) | ||
| Missing | 137 | 399 | NA | NA | ||
| Clinical nodal stage | ||||||
| N0 | 1036 (40.1) | 1275 (17.4) | −0.54 | 624 (23.0) | 1751 (22.7) | 0.03 |
| N1 | 434 (16.8) | 1080 (14.7) | 417 (15.4) | 1193 (15.4) | ||
| N2 | 1006 (39.0) | 4522 (61.8) | 1453 (53.5) | 4370 (56.6) | ||
| N3 | 108 (4.2) | 445 (6.1) | 222 (8.2) | 405 (5.3) | ||
| Missing | 133 | 397 | NA | NA | ||
| ECOG performance status | ||||||
| 0 | 483 (56.5) | 1531 (46.5) | −0.21 | 1318 (48.5) | 3768 (48.8) | 0.02 |
| 1 | 324 (37.9) | 1483 (45.0) | 1171 (43.1) | 3356 (43.5) | ||
| 2 or greater | 38 (4.4) | 216 (6.6) | 179 (6.6) | 460 (6.0) | ||
| Missing | 1862 | 4425 | NA | NA | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||
| 0 | 1104 (40.6) | 2929 (37.9) | −0.08 | 1057 (38.9) | 2987 (38.7) | 0.00 |
| 1 | 647 (23.8) | 1689 (21.9) | 594 (21.9) | 1715 (22.2) | ||
| 2 or greater | 966 (35.6) | 3101 (40.2) | 1066 (39.2) | 3016 (39.1) | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current | 827 (63.4) | 3077 (63.5) | 0.01 | 1747 (64.3) | 4903 (63.5) | −0.02 |
| Former | 185 (14.2) | 707 (14.6) | 397 (14.6) | 1122 (14.5) | ||
| Never | 293 (22.5) | 1063 (21.9) | 573 (21.1) | 1695 (22.0) | ||
| Missing | 1413 | 3844 | NA | NA | ||
| Married | 1128 (41.5) | 2872 (37.2) | 0.09 | 1024 (37.7) | 2949 (38.2) | −0.01 |
| Deprivation index | 70 (48, 88) | 71 (48, 88) | −0.03 | 69 (49, 87) | 69 (49, 87) | 0.00 |
| Hypertension | 1499 (55.2) | 4548 (58.9) | −0.08 | 1565 (57.6) | 4469 (57.9) | −0.01 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1344 (49.5) | 3753 (48.6) | 0.02 | 1302 (47.9) | 3762 (48.7) | −0.02 |
| Diabetes | 528 (19.4) | 1619 (21.0) | −0.04 | 539 (19.8) | 1579 (20.5) | −0.02 |
| Obesity | 482 (17.7) | 1354 (17.5) | 0.01 | 489 (18.0) | 1353 (17.5) | 0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 32 (1.2) | 137 (1.8) | −0.05 | 42 (1.5) | 124 (1.6) | −0.01 |
| Carotid artery stenosis | 17 (0.6) | 52 (0.7) | −0.01 | 17 (0.6) | 50 (0.6) | 0.00 |
| Coronary artery disease | 489 (18.0) | 1584 (20.5) | −0.06 | 535 (19.7) | 1529 (19.8) | 0.00 |
| Kidney disease | 88 (3.2) | 329 (4.3) | −0.05 | 110 (4.0) | 308 (4.0) | 0.00 |
Abbreviations: ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; NA, not applicable; SMD, standardized mean difference.
a
Based on inverse probability weighted pseudo-populations averaged across 10 imputed data sets.
b
Median (IQR) for continuous variables; No. (% of nonmissing data) for categorical variables.
c
Due to delays in cancer registry abstraction and reporting, VA Cancer Registry data are only up to date to 2016.
d
Includes Alaskan Native or American Indian, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.