Fig. 1.

Effect size (i.e. mean difference) and 95% CIs between exposure to advertisement categories for children by area-level income deprivation, urbanity, sex, and season (Reference categories: Income deprivation = least deprived; Urbanicity = urban; Sex = male; Season = winter).

Note: Models are fully adjusted for deprivation, urban, sex and season. Where 95% CI for coefficients intercepts one, there is no difference in exposure between income deprivation levels, urbanity, sex, and season. Where the 95% CIs fall above one, it indicates that children in, for example, the most deprived areas experienced greater exposure, compared to the least deprived. Statistical significance: **

p <

0.01; *

p <

0.05.