Fig. 5.

MnCl₂ treatment causes locomotor abnormalities and Ca²⁺ dyshomeostasis. (A) Average locomotor activity of wild-type (blue) and slc39a14^−/− larvae (red) during the day and night in response to increasing concentrations of MnCl₂. Data are presented as mean±s.e.m. (two-way ANOVA with Tukey's posthoc test; *P<0.05), n=24 larvae per group. The y-axes represent the average activity of larval zebrafish in seconds per 10 minutes. (B) Frame-by-frame analysis of the locomotor activity of wild-type and slc39a14^−/− larvae at 6 dpf that were unexposed and exposed to 50 µM MnCl₂. White shading representing the day (lights ON) and grey shading represents the night (lights OFF). The arrow indicates the ‘lights OFF’ switch. Summed and smoothed Δ pixels traces (Delta Px) are shown as mean±s.e.m. (bold lines and shaded surrounding areas). n=24 larvae per group. (C) Calcium, magnesium and manganese concentrations determined by ICP-MS in untreated and MnCl₂ (50 µM)-treated wild-type and slc39a14^−/− larvae. Data are presented as mean±s.d. (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test; *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001). (D) Apoptotic cell death upon MnCl₂ exposure in both wild-type (blue) and mutant (red) larvae at 5 dpf detected by TUNEL staining in the telencephalon, diencephalon and hindbrain. Data are presented as mean±s.d.