Table 1.
The average concentration of dioxins (homogeneous unit calculated in ppt TEQ in dry weight) in some different nations in Asia.
| Country | Year | Type of Soil | Source Area | Concentration | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (Sichuan) | 2013 | Soil | High mountain area | 2.48–4.30 ppt | [53] |
| China (mainland Hong Kong and Tai wan) | 2008 | Soil | Schistosomiasis disease area | 244.8–33,660 ppt | [50] |
| Soil | E-waste recycling | 799,000–967,500 ppt | [50,54] | ||
| Paddy soil | E-waste recycling | 2552–2726 ppt | [50] | ||
| Soil | Pentachlorophenol manufacturing factory | 606,000 ppt | [50,55,56] | ||
| South China | 2022 | Surface Soil | Municipal solid waste incinerator | 114–2440 ppt | [57] |
| North China | 2020 | Soil | Urban green space in a metropolis | 11.5–91.4 ppt | [58] |
| Eastern China | 2009 | Surface Soil | Electronic solid-waste with incinerators | 0.017–5.04 ppt | [59] |
| North China | 2011 | Topsoil | Coastal areas | 6.78–12.3 ppt | [52] |
| Central Vietnam | 2019 | Surface soil | The storage of Agent Orange in A-So Airbase during the Vietnam War | 2.7 to 746 ppt | [60] |
| Southern Vietnam | 2007 | Topsoil | Bien Hoa Airbase was a former storage depot for Agent Orange | 4.6–184 ppt | [61] |
| Japan (Osaka) | 2013 | Surface soil | Incineration plant | >1000 ppt | [62] |
| Paddy field soil | Former herbicide use | 38–110 ppt | |||
| Japan (Akita) | 2007 | Paddy soil | Agricultural area | 18,000–540,000 ppt | [63] |
| Non-agricultural soil samples | Parks | 950–1400 ppt | |||
| South Korea | 2021 | Soil | Industrial sites | 77.73 ppt | [64] |
| West Korea | 2011 | Topsoil | Coastal areas | 14.2–27 ppt | [52] |