Table 3.

Some standards limitations for PCDD/Fs (ppt TEQ) in different nations.

National	Standard Limitation	Comments	Regulation/Guideline Values	References
US EPA Region 5	11 ppt 38.6 ppt	PCDD in soil PCDFs in soil	US EPA Region 5 ecological screening levels	[78]
US EPA Region 9	39 ppt	Residential soil	US EPA Region 9 preliminary remediation goal for 2,3,7,8-TCDD	[79]
China (Taiwan)	1000 ppt	General soil	The standard limit—Taiwan EPA	[80]
Vietnam	100 ppt 300 ppt 1200 ppt	Forest soil Agricultural soil Commercial soil	National technical regulation on the permissible limit of dioxins in soil	[81]
Finland	500 ppt	Agricultural and residential soil	Finland Ministry of the Environment, Department for Environmental Protection	[82]
Sweden	10 ppt 250 ppt	Land with sensitive use, Land with less sensitive use and groundwater extraction	Sweden Generic Guidance Value	[82]
Netherlands	10 ppt 1000 ppt	Dairy farming Agricultural and residential soil	The Netherlands Guidelines	[82]
Germany	5–40 ppt 100 ppt 1000 ppt 10,000 ppt	Agriculture Landscape Residential soil Industrial soil	Germany regulatory limit and recommendation	[82]
New Zealand	100 ppt 1500 ppt 18,000 ppt 90,000 ppt 21,000 ppt	Agricultural soil Residential soil Industrial soil Industrial-paved soil Maintenance	New Zealand Interim Acceptance Criteria	[83]
Canada	4 ppt	Alert soil	Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines	[84]