Table 4.

Potential vascular effects of e-cigarette components.

Component Potentially Involved	Effect [11,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]
Acrolein, PMs, nicotine	Increased blood pressure
Acrolein	Myocardial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy, impaired vascular repair, and vascular injury
Acrolein, PMs	Reduced cardiac contractility, Increased risk of thrombosis, increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias
PMs, nicotine	Coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction

PMs: fine and ultrafine particulate matters.