TABLE 3.
Population, Intervention and Main outcome.
| Study | Population | Intervention | Main outcome related to skills | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Type of athletes | Gender | Age | Type | Skill measured index | Frequency & duration | ||
| Todd Watson et al. (2017) | 24 | Dancers | Female | 19.7 ± 1.1 years | EG: Core exercise | Pirouette ability | 3 times/week 9 weeks |
pirouette ability ↑ |
| Carmen Manchado et al. (2017) | 30 | Handball players | Male | 18.7 ± 3.4 years | EG: Core training CG: Routine training |
Throwing velocity | 4 times/week 10 weeks |
Throwing velocity ↑ |
| Omaima Kamal (2015) | 20 | Karate athletes | Female | 12.54 years | EG: Core strength training CG: Traditional exercise |
Spinning Wheel Kick | 10 weeks | Spinning wheel kick ↑ |
| Benjamin Lee & Stuart McGill (2017) | 12 | Muay Thai athletes | Male | 24 ± 3 years | Group 1: Isometric core exercise Group 2: Dynamic core exercise Group 3: Routine training |
Peak strike velocity and Peak impact force in Jab, Cross, Jab–Cross Combination (“Combo”), and Knee | 6 weeks | Peak strike velocity and Peak impact force in Jab, Cross, Jab–Cross Combination (“Combo”), and Knee ↑ |
| Özgur Dogan and Seyfi Savas (2021) | 30 | Basketball players | Male | 12–14 years | EG: Core strength training CG: Routine training |
Dribbling with right hand, Chest pass, V-Cut, taking pass, Jab-step, Dribbling and right layup, Rebound, Overhead pass, Cut towards left, Taking pass and dribbling with left hand, Dribbling with left hand between the legs, Cross over dribbling (right/left), Dribbling with right hand between the legs, Left lay-up, Cross over dribbling behind the back with left hand, Reverse dribbling with right hand, Hesitation (Dribbling), and Jump shot | 8 weeks 3 times/week |
Dribbling with right hand ↑ Chest pass ↑ V-Cut ↑ Taking pass ↔ Jab-step ↑ Dribbling and right layup ↔ Rebound ↑ Overhead pass ↑ Cut towards left ↑ Taking pass and dribbling with left hand ↑ Dribbling with left hand between legs ↑ Cross over dribbling (right/left) ↑ Dribbling with right hand between the legs↑ Left lay-up ↑ Cross over dribbling behind the back with left hand ↑ Reverse dribbling with right hand, Hesitation (Dribbling) ↑ Jump shot ↑ |
| Khaled Abuwarda (2014) | 12 | Gymnasts | unknown | Under 7 years | EG: Core stability exercise CG: Routine training |
Floor exercise, Vault Table | 12 weeks 4 times/week |
Floor exercise ↑ Vault Table ↑ |
| Mohamed Hamido Mahmoud (2018) | 16 | Soccer players | unknown | 15.40 ± 0.5 years | EG: Core training | Slalom dribble Lob pass, Shooting, Juggling |
2 times/week 10 weeks |
Slalom dribble ↑ Lob pass ↑ Shooting ↑ Juggling ↑ |
| Shaheed Ahmed et al. (2021) | 30 | Football players | Male | unknown | EG: core training CG Conventional training |
Juggling (foot) Juggling (body) |
3 times/week 4 weeks |
Juggling (foot) ↑ Juggling (body) ↑ |
| Özhan Bavlı & Caner Batuhan Koç (2018) | 18 | Footballers | Male | 15 ± 0.8 years | EG 1: dynamic core exercise EG 2: static core exercise CG: Routine training |
Passing, Shooting, Dribbling | 3 times/week 8 weeks |
Passing ↑ Shooting ↑ Dribbling ↑ |
| Ayşegül Yapıcı (2019) | 32 | Volleyball players | Female | 16.62 ± 1.04 years | EG: core training CG Routine training |
Service accuracy Velocity of the service |
6 weeks | Service accuracy ↑ Velocity of the service ↑ |
| Vesile Şahiner & Feyzullah Koca (2021) |
22 | Basketball players | Male | 16–18 years | EG: core training CG Routine training |
Free throw | 2 times/week 8 weeks |
Free throw ↑ |
| Faruk Akçınar & Suat Macit (2020) | 26 | Handball athletes | Male | 9–10 years | EG: Core training CG Routine training |
Dribbling, Quick Pass, Point shooting | 3 times/week 8 weeks |
Dribbling ↑ Quick Pass ↑ Point Shooting ↑ |
| Ibrahim Hamed Ibrahim Hassan (2017) | 20 | Badminton Players | Male | Under 19 years | EG: Core stability training CG Routine training |
Smashing velocity, Smashing Accuracy | 2 times/week 8 weeks |
Smashing velocity ↑ Smashing Accuracy ↑ |
| Matthew Weston et al. (2013) | 36 | Golf players | Male | 47 ± 12 years | EG: Core training CG Routine training |
Club-head speed, Backspin, and Sidespin | 3 times/week 8 weeks |
Club-head speed ↔ Backspin ↔ Sidespin ↔ |
| Ranya Mohamed Saeed Mahmoud (2021) | 7 | Handball players | Female | 12.3 ± 0.03 years | EG: Core strength training | Long jump shot, Fly distance, and long jump shot accuracy | 3 times/week 10 weeks |
Long jump shot ↑ Fly distance ↑ Long jump shot accuracy ↑ |
| Dnyanesh Patil et al. (2012) | 60 | Swimmers | Mixed | 12–18 years | EG: Core training CG Routine training |
Stroke rate, Stroke length, Swim velocity, Stroke index | 3 times/week 6 weeks |
Stroke rate ↔ Stroke length ↔ Swim velocity ↑ Stroke index ↑ 50 m Freestyle ↑ |
EG, refers to Experimental group; CG, control group; CG1, control group one; ↑, significant improvement; ↔, no significant difference.