Table 4.
Cytokine concentrations of the spleen after subjecting to heat stress and treatment with dietary seaweed-derived polysaccharides.
| Items | Units | TN | HS | HSS | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TN vs. HS | HS vs. HSS | TN vs. HSS | |||||
| TNF-α | pg/mg protein | 203.68 ± 5.91 | 252.65 ± 10.38 | 218.10 ± 5.10 | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.224 |
| IFN-γ | pg/mg protein | 421.19 ± 9.87 | 377.94 ± 7.88 | 407.04 ± 10.96 | 0.024 | 0.103 | 0.404 |
| IL-1β | pg/mg protein | 310.97 ± 9.60 | 338.40 ± 9.48 | 320.76 ± 10.08 | 0.141 | 0.329 | 0.581 |
| IL-2 | ng/mg protein | 10.38 ± 0.41 | 8.25 ± 0.27 | 10.16 ± 0.33 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.648 |
| IL-4 | ng/mg protein | 72.69 ± 6.09 | 113.72 ± 7.45 | 81.12 ± 1.76 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.853 |
| IL-6 | pg/mg protein | 186.48 ± 6.81 | 207.26 ± 9.46 | 198.05 ± 2.80 | 0.126 | 0.475 | 0.376 |
| IL-10 | ng/mg protein | 181.22 ± 7.83 | 224.09 ± 12.62 | 190.46 ± 6.71 | 0.008 | 0.026 | 0.489 |
The data are presented as mean ± standard error. TN, thermoneutral zone; HS, heat stress; HSS, HS group fed diet contained 1000 mg/kg seaweed-derived polysaccharides; SEM, standard error of the means. The abbreviations for the detected parameters (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL) are tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and interleukin, respectively.