Table 3. Comparison of the Proposed Methodology with Other Methods Previously Published for the Quantification of OAs in Fooda.
| sample treatment |
validation parameters |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sample analyzed | sample validation | analyte | extraction | purification | analysis technique | MDL (μg/kg) | MQL (μg/kg) | ME (%) | recovery (%) | RSD (%) | refs |
| poppy seeds, poppy seed topped rolls, muffins | poppy seed (200 mg) | MOR, COD, THEB, NOS, PAP | Chl/IPOH (90/10, v/v) at pH 3.5 (1 mL, 10 min) | HPLC-IT-MS/MS | ≤6 | (2) | |||||
| poppy seeds, filling for bakery and cakes | poppy seed (10 g) | MOR, COD, THEB, NOS, PAP, NAR | AcN/water/formic acid, 80/19/1, v/v/v (100 mL, 30 min × 2) | UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS | 100 | 100–130 | 77–172 | ≤20 | (3) | ||
| poppy seeds, cakes, buns | poppy seed (10 g) | MOR, COD, PAP, NOS | MeOH 0.1% acetic acid (30 mL, 60 min) | HPLC-TQ-MS/MS | 70–300 | 200–1000 | ≤9 | (4) | |||
| poppy seeds | poppy seeds (2.5 g) | MOR, COD, THEB, PAP, NOS, ORIP | MeOH/water, 50/50 (v/v) (30 mL, 30 min × 2) | Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2 (50 mg) | UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS | 0.07–72.01 | 0.24–240 | 31–109 | 46–109 | ≤11 | (6) |
| hot pot | hot pot (5 g) | MOR, COD, THEB, PAP, NOS | HCl 0.1 M (20 mL, 10 min) and PE (10 mL) | Oasis MCX SPE (60 mg) | UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS | 0.003–0.04 | 0.01–0.1 | 61–201 | 72–124 | ≤23.7 | (15) |
| hot pot | hot pot (5 g) | MOR, COD, THEB, PAP, NOS | AcN 0.1% formic acid (20 mL, 10 min) and n-hexane (20 mL) | Fe3O4@SiO2@CS/GO (15 mg) | UHPLC-TQLIT-MS/MS | 0.016–0.092 | 0.036–0.31 | 40–92 | 75–104 | ≤10 | (27) |
| hot pot | hot pot (2 g) | MOR, COD, THEB, PAP, NOS | water/AcN 50% (20 mL, 5 min) | Fe3O4@SiO2@ADME (50 mg) | HPLC-TQLIT-MS/MS | 0.05–0.8 | 0.25–2.5 | 76–80 | 80–115 | ≤10.7 | (28) |
| breadsticks and sliced bread | breadsticks and sliced bread (2.5 g) | MOR, COD, THEB, PAP, NOS, ORIP | MeOH 0.1% acetic acid (10 mL, 30 min × 2) | Fe3O4@TPA–Fe (1 mg) | HPLC-TQ-MS/MS | 0.3–13 | 1–42 | 64–120 | 70–110 | ≤20 | this work |
a
MOR: morphine, COD: codeine, THEB: thebaine, PAP: papaverine, NOS: noscapine, NAR: narceine, ORIP: oripavine, Chl: chloroform, IPOH; isopropanol, AcN: acetonitrile, MeOH: methanol, HCl: hydrochloric acid, PE: petroleum ether, SPE: solid-phase extraction, MSPE: magnetic solid phase extraction, (U)HPLC: (ultra)-high-performance liquid chromatography, TQ: triple quadrupole, IT: ion trap, MS/MS: tandem mass spectrometry, TQLIT: triple quadrupole ion trap, MDL: method detection limit, MQL: method quantification limit, ME: matrix effect, RSD: relative standard deviation, and refs: references.