. 2000 Sep;66(9):4172.

TABLE 1.

Soil and manure characteristics prior to inoculation, rainfall, and leaching

Soil or manure	Bulk density (g cm⁻³)^a	Particle density (g cm⁻³)^a	Pore space (%)^a	Organic matter (%)^b	Sand (%)^c	Silt (%)^c	Clay (%)^c	Nitrate (μg g⁻¹)^d	Ammonium (μg g⁻¹)^d	Phosphate (μg g⁻¹)^d	W.S.O.C. (μg g⁻¹)^d
Dairy manure	ND^e	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	4.34	15.30	104.35	687.70
Sandy loam	1.08	2.36	54	2.3	69	9	21	37.33	1.72	2.11	8.84
Silt loam	0.86	1.98	57	4.5	20	53	27	98.27	1.97	3.74	18.23
Clay loam	1.08	2.34	54	2.9	28	41	21	95.17	5.44	8.73	31.72

Using 40 g of air-dried sieved soil (4 mm) in a graduated cylinder: bulk density = {[soil (weight)] × [soil (volume)]⁻¹}; particle density = {[soil (weight)] × [increase in volume of soil and water after addition of 30 ml of distilled water and removal of air bubbles]⁻¹}; percent solid space = 100 × [(bulk density) × (particle density)⁻¹]; percent pore space = (100 − percent solid space).

Organic matter was determined by the difference in mass of oven-dried soil (80°C) baked to the red-hot level (approximately 750°C) in a ceramic container.

Sand, silt, and clay contents were determined by the hydrometer method after oxidation with 30% H₂O₂, as described previously (G.R. Gee and J.W. Bauder. Particle-size analysis, p. 404–408, in A. Klute, ed., Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd ed.).

Water-soluble nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate were measured with a Lachat analyzer (Zellweger Analytics, Milwaukee, Wis.); water-soluble organic carbon (W.S.O.C.) was measured with a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (Rosemount Dohrman, Cincinnati, Ohio) after sparging samples with nitrogen gas to displace inorganic carbon (CO₂). Samples were prepared by making a 1:10 (weight/volume) sample dilution with water, shaking at 150 rpm for 60 minutes, and filtration (0.22-μm pore size).

ND, not done or not applicable.