Figure 4.

The effects of ruthenium complexes on the induction of cell death after 48 and 72 h of incubation with IC₅₀ concentrations in the RKO (a) and SW480 (c) cell lines. Dot plot diagrams obtained with flow cytometry of the RKO (b) and SW480 (d) cells treated with an IC₅₀ concentration of Ru5 and Ru7 for 72 h after dual staining with Annexin V-FITC and PI. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Results were statistically different from the negative control for ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001.