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The effects of M13/nLNP-incubated microbiota-secreted metabolites on NF-κβ reporter cells. (A) Activation of NF-κβ signal transduction by the different groups of metabolites (n = 4–6; *** p < 0.001); (B) ability of different groups of metabolites to inhibit the ability of TNF-α to activate NF-κβ reporter cells (n = 8; * p < 0.05; NS—non-significant).
