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Effects of M13/nLNP-modified microbial metabolites on the UC progression of IL-10 KO mice. (A) Schematic diagram showing feces collection, ex vivo culture, and in vivo treatment; (B) bodyweight changes in control mice (PBS only; blue) and mice treated for 14 days with microbial metabolites from M13/nLNP-cultured group (red). (n = 4 or 5; ** p < 0.01); (C) colon lengths (n = 4; ** p < 0.01). (D) Fecal LCN-2 concentrations at week 13 (n = 4; ** p < 0.01).
