Table 2.
Laboratory-confirmed cases of human monkeypox outside of Africa (2018–2021). NA = Not available.
| Month/ Year |
Cases | Possible Source of Infection | Origin | Destination | Clade | Route of Transmission | Secondary Transmission | Contacts Investigated | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| November,2021 | 1 | NA | Nigeria | MD, USA | West African | Travel via Istanbul and Washington DC | No | NA | [21] |
| July, 2021 | 1 | NA | Lagos, Nigeria | TX, USA | West African | USA-Nigeria-USA. Stayed in Lagos and in Ibadan, Oyo State | No | >200 | [21] |
| May, 2021 | 3 | 1 case: unknown, 2–3 cases: human-to-human transmission | Delta, Nigeria | UK | West African | Two adults and one toddler. Travel via Istanbul, Turkey. |
Yes (2 HH of index case) | 38 | [22] |
| December, 2019 | 1 | NA | Nigeria | UK | NA | Very scarce information about this case. | Unknown | NA | [23] |
| May, 2019 | 1 | Ingestion of barbecued bushmeat that might have been contaminated. | Nigeria | Singapore | West African | No | 27 HCWs (close contacts) | [24,25] | |
| October, 2018 | 1 | Disposed of 2 rodent carcasses at his residence. | Nigeria | Israel | West African | No | 5 HH + 11 HCWS | [26] | |
| September, 2018 | 2 | Case 1: contact with an individual with a monkeypox-like rash and consumption of bushmeat. Case 2: changing of potentially contaminated bedding. | Nigeria | UK | West African | Travel via Paris, France | Yes (HCW) | 158 low risk, 125 intermediate-risk, 5 high risk | [27,28] |
| September, 2018 | 1 | NA | Abuja, Nigeria | Cornwall, UK | West African | Travel from London to Cornwall by train | NA | NA | [27] |