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. 2022 Jun 16;10(6):963. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10060963

Table 4.

Summary of observed kinetics of infection and of key disease characteristics in SUDV-challenged animals.

Manifestations Disease Kinetics Frequency
Incubation Period a

  • DSI temperature data-based (n = 11): 2.577–4 days (61.85–96.04 h PC)

  • StarOddi temperature data-based (n = 12): 2.576–3.965 days (61.83–95.17 h PC)
Symptom onset
(fever) to Death

  • DSI temperature data-based (n = 11): 2.46–6.89 days (59.02–165.40 h)

  • StarOddi temperature data-based (n = 12): 2.46–6.89 days (59.04–65.34 h)
Mortality 100% within 5–10 days PC n = 12
Median survival Time (IQR) 7.92 days PC (190.42 h PI)
Plasma viral RNA n = 12
First detectable

  • Coincident with symptoms onset

(starting D3 PC (71.43−71.88 h PC) for n = 4 animals

  • At D5 PC (118.69–121.15 h PC) detectable for n = 12
Plasma viremia n = 12
First detectable

  • Coincident with symptoms onset

  • Starting D3 PC (71.93 h PC) for n = 1 animal

  • At D5 PC(118.69–121.15 h PC) detectable for n = 12 animals
Peak

  • At D5 PC (n = 8) 0.95–2.46 days after symptoms onset

  • (DSI: 23.04–59.3 h after fever onset/ Star Oddi: 23.75–59.32 h after fever onset)

  • At D7 PC (n = 4) 2.9–4 days after symptoms onset

  • (DSI: 70.83–95.75 h after fever onset/ Star Oddi: 71.33–98.50 h after fever onset)

  • Viral RNA: 7.95 to 9.09 log10 copies/mL

  • Infectious virus: 5.19 × 105 to 3.27 × 107 ffu/mL
Clinical Disease Signs

  • Fever

 n = 12

  • Diarrhea (observed from D3 (69:00–70:35 h) PC);

 n = 10

  • Dehydration (detected from D5 (116:10–118:20 h) PC for n = 10/at D8 (188:50 h) PC for n = 1)

 n = 11

  • Rash (Observed from D5 (116:10–118:20 h) PI for n = 1 and from D7 (163:30–165:40 h) PC for n = 7)

 n = 8

  • Change in responsiveness score starting from D4 (94–102:20 h) PC (n = 4) and D5 (116:10–126:05 h) PC (n = 8)

 n = 12

  • Prostration (responsiveness score of 10) observed at D7 (172:30–174:10 h) PC for n = 2, D8 (188:50–189:45 h) PC for n = 3, D9 (213:30 h) PC for n = 1 and D10 (236:00 h) PC for n = 1

 n = 7

  • Mucous and fibrinous diarrhea (D10 PC)

 n = 1
Clinical Pathology
Systemic inflammation
Liver dysfunction
Renal dysfunction
Coagulopathy
Lymphocytolysis
Anemia and thrombocytopenia
Biochemical
parameters

  • CRP: Increase from D3 (71.43–72 h) PI for n = 4 and from D5 (118.68–121.15 h) PI for n = 8

 n = 12

  • Creatinine: Increase from D5 (118.68–121.15 h) PI

 n = 12

  • UREA: Increase from D7 (166.5–168.5 h) PI

 n = 12

  • ALP: Increase from D5 (118.68–121.15 h) PC

 n = 12

  • ALT: Increase from D5 (118.68–121.15 h) PC for n = 2 and from D7 (166.5–168.5 h) PC for n = 8

 n = 10

  • AST: increase from D5 for n = 6 and from D7 (166.5–168.5 h) PI for n = 7

 n = 11
Hematological
parameters

  • RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobulin, platelet: Decrease from D5 (118.68–121.15 h) PC

 n = 12

  • Lymphocytes: decrease from D5 (118.68–121.15 h) PC

 n = 12
Coagulation
parameters

  • ACT: Increase from D5 (118.68–121.15 h) PC for n = 8, from D7(166.5–168.5 h) PC for n = 4

 n = 12

  • PT: increase from D5 (118.68–121.15 h) PC for n = 8, from D7 (166.5–168.5 h) PC for n = 2

 n = 10/10 *

a The incubation period is defined as the time from virus exposure to fever onset. * instrumental difficulties precluded baseline values on PT, for 2 out of 12 SUDV-exposed animals. Time course is expressed in D (days) or h (hours) PC (post-challenge).