Table 1.

Summary of some key studies highlighting the significance of metabolomic-assisted breeding for crop improvement.

Crop		Analytical Tool	Detected Metabolites	No. of Candidate Genes	No. of QTLs	Trait Study	Reference
Rice	mGWAS	LC-MS/MS	l-alanine, l-tyramine, threonine, leucine and histidine Syringenone, Chlorogenic acid	36	356	Nutritional value	[26]
Peral Millet		FIE-HRMS,	vitamins, antioxidants, dietary starch	738	987	Nutritional improvement	[27]
Rice		LC-MS/MS	Amino acids, flavonoids	58	24	Grain color, size, and weight	[28]
Wheat		GC-MS	L-tyrosine, pentose alcohol III, L-arginine, ornithine, oxalic acid,	25	38	Association between metabolic phenotypes	[29]
Maize		LC-MS/MS	Flavonoid, benzoxazinoid	-	-	Pathogen resistance	[30]
Maize		LC-MS	Terpenoids, benzoxazinoids, lipids, amino acids, flavonoids,	10	-	Salt tolerance	[31]
Soybean		LC-MS	Alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, daidzein	284	144	Seed oil-related traits	[32]
Foxtail Millet		LC-ESI-MS/MS	lipids, hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, phenolamides and flavonoids	5	237	Environment adaptation	[33]
Wheat		LC-MS/MS	Flavonoids	26	42	Flavonoid pathways	[34]
Tomato		ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS	Amino acid, alkaloids, vitamins, polyamine, polyphenol	535	-	Fruit traits	[35]
Wheat		LC-MS/MS	Betaine, deoxyinosine-5′-monophosphate	24	1005	Grains per spike, plant height	[36]
Barley		LC-MS	Glycosides, acylated glycosides of flavones, phenylpropenoic acid	-	138	Drought tolerance	[37]
Barley		MS (IC-MS/MS)	succinate, glutathione, γ-tocopherol	-	13	Drought and heat stress	[38]
Tomato		GC/MS, UPLC	Acyl-sugars, glycoalkaloids, flavonols	-	212	Fruit metabolism	[39]
Tomato		UPLC	Glycoalkaloids, acyl-sugar, hydroxycinnamates	4	679	Environmental stress tolerance	[40]
Strawberry		LC-ESI-MS	Phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins	-	178	Fruit quality	[41]
Rice		LC-MS/MS	L-asparagine, feruloylserotonin	35	4681	Agronomic traits	[42]