Table 4.

Mechanical properties of PLA composites.

Composition	Preparation Technique	Tensile Strength	Flexural Strength	Impact Strength	Modulus (GPa)	Strain (%)	References
PLA-5% Lignin	Twin-screw micro-compounder	48.39 MPa	37 MPa	22.8 KJ/m2	1.9 GPa	2.4	[84,85]
PLA-63% starch-24% cellulose-2.9% carnauba wax	Blending, mixing followed by compression molding	3.27 MPa	296.87 KPa	1.9 J	482.93 MPa	0.77	[86,87,88]
70% PLA-20% PBAT-10% office waste paper	Injection molding	49 MPa	73 MPa	15.2 KJ/m2	2.9 GPa	3.6	[73,89]
PLA-30% rice straw	Solvent casting	22.27 MPa	26 MPa	30 J	2.59 GPa	1.63	[82,90]
PLA-30% kraft lignin	Extrusion	25.3 MPa	68 MPa	13.2 MPa	1.9 GPa	1.4	[91,92]
PLA-50% pine wood flour	Counter rotating twin-screw micro extruder	66.2 MPa	98 MPa	6 KJ/m2	5.4 GPa	1.6	[93,94]
PLA-30% banana–sisal fiber	Injection molding	79 MPa	125 MPa	47.8 KJ/m2	4.1 GPa	1.1	[95]
PLA-8% oil seed fillers	Co-rotating twin-screw extruder	62.6 MPa	--	--	1.43 GPa	7.8	[62]
PLA-10% sugar beet pulp	Extrusion and injection molding	38 MPa	--	--	2.2 GPa	3.1	[65]
PLA-30% okra fiber	Co-rotating twin-screw micro extruder	58.4 MPa	--	--	4.6 GPa	1.9	[76]
PLA-60% EFB	Brabender mixer and hot press machine	12.4 MPa	9 MPa	122 J/m	431 MPa	3.3	[96]
PLA-60% kenaf	Brabender mixer and hot press machine	5.2 MPa	28 MPa	67 J/m	321 MPa	4.4	[96]
PLA-30% kenaf bast fiber	Brabender internal mixer and hot press mold	32 MPa	40.5 MPa	12.3 J/m	4.3 GPa	7	[71]
PLA-10% coir fiber	Twin-screw extruder	57.9	107.1	3.08 KJ/m2	4.0 GPa	3.7	[78,97]
PLA-40% banana fiber	Counter-rotating internal mixer	78.6 MPa	65.4 MPa	17.1 J/m	7.2 GPa	0.24	[74]
PLA-10% kenaf fiber	Counter-rotating internal mixer	37 MPa	40.5 MPa	196 J/m	4.8 GPa	1.26	[72,98,99]
PLA-hemp fiber	Twin-screw extruder	72.1 MPa	96.5 MPa	2.8 J/m2	2.4 GPa	5.6	[75]
PLA-50% jute fiber	Compression molding	32.3 MPa	41.8 MPa	3.5 J	2.11 GPa	2.2	[100]
PLA-50% flax fiber	Compression molding	151 MPa	215 MPA	19.5 KJ/m2	18.5 GPa	8.3	[101]
PLA-30% ramie fiber	Compression moulding	53 MPa	104 MPa	9.8 KJ/m2	4.3 GPa	3.2	[102,103]