Table 2.
A comprehensive summary of laser-based assessment techniques for bridges.
| References | Laser-Based Scanning Device | Type of Assessment | Post-Processing Method(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| [3] | N/A | Full-scale inspection | Important value analysis with genetic and A* algorithms |
| [5] | FARO Focus 3D | Geometric assessment | The plane fitting least-squares method |
| [14] | N/A | Material mass loss, erosion, and corrosion | DGC and MMSET methods |
| [15] | N/A | Full-scale inspection | |
| [20] | Leica TC2002 | Geometric assessment | Hybrid photogrammetric methods |
| [27] | Riegl LMS Z-420i | Material mass loss | Curvature distribution |
| [28] | FARO LS 880HE | Material mass loss | Distance and gradient-based |
| [29] | FARO LS 880HE | Bridge clearance | LiDAR bridge evaluation (LiBE) method |
| [30] | N/A | Impact of parameters on bridge clearance | Correlation analysis |
| [31] | N/A | Bridge health monitoring | Sensitivity analysis and LiBE method |
| [32] | Riegl LMS Z-390i | Bridge clearance | 3D curve-fitting algorithm |
| [33] | FARO LS 880HE | Geometrical assessment under various loadings | The difference in elevation data |
| [34] | Riegl LMS Z-390i | Full-scale inspection | Voxelization and topological constraints |
| [35] | Leica TCR1102 | Geometric reconstruction | Continuum damage and discrete models |
| [36] | Leica ScanStation C10 | Structural deformation | The difference in surface profiles |
| [37] | Riegl LMS Z-390i | 3D crack characterization | MCrack-TLS |
| [38] | Riegl LMS Z-390i | Pier analysis | Geometric and topological analysis |
| [39] | FARO Focus 3D X330 | Full-scale inspection | Comparison of scanned data and drawings |
| [40] | Leica ScanStation C10 | Structural deformation | Fast marching algorithm |
| [41] | N/A | Crack identification | Region-based Convolutional neural network |
| [42] | Leica ScanStation C5 | Structural deformation | Octree space partitioning (OSP) algorithm |
| [43] | Leica ScanStation P20 | Full-scale inspection | Closest point algorithm |
| [44] | Riegel VZ-1000 | Structural deformation | Reflector coordinates analysis |
| [45] | Riegel VZ-1000 | Damage detection | Digitial surface model analysis |
| [46] | Leica ScanStation2 | Structural deformation | Geometry-based analysis |
| [47] | N/A | Structural deformation | Various displacement estimate methods and OSP |
| [48] | Zoller + Frohlich Imager 5006H | Structural deformation | Hausdorff distance and averaged derivation comparison |