Table 3.
A comprehensive summary of LiDAR-based SHM for tunnels.
| Reference | Laser-Based Scanning Device | Type of Assessment | Post-Processing Method(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| [49] | Zoller + Frohlich 5010 TLS | Profile deformations | Minimum-distance projection algorithm |
| [50] | FARO X130 | Tunnel cross-section | Least squares, Rodrigues’ rotation and angle-based filtering |
| [51] | N/A | Tunnel clearance | Differences between Sequential Profiles |
| [52] | Regel VUX-IHA | Profile deformations | K-Nearest Neighbor and iterative ellipse fitting Algorithm |
| [53] | N/A | Tunnel cross-section | Differences between profiles |
| [54] | N/A | Profile deformations | Circular filtering and RANSAC algorithm |
| [55] | Riegl VZ-400i | Water leakage detection | Intensity thresholding method |
| [56] | N/A | Crack identification | Index and Gaussian template methods |
| [57] | N/A | Crack identification | Dilation and canny algorithm |